Table 3.
Major milestones in the development of PM adoption in Singapore
| Year | Organisation/ Initiative | Funder/Collaboration | Aim |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | GISi | A*STAR | To use genomic sciences to achieve improvements in human health and public prosperity |
| 2013 | POLARIS | GIS, SingHealth | To deliver better patient outcomes through research within SingHealth institutionsj |
| 2014 | SAPhIRE | BMRC and the HSA, GIS, and the Translational Laboratory for Genetic Medicine | To develop an active surveillance network for ADR monitoring and discovery of genomic biomarkers that are predictive of specific ADRs |
| 2015 | PRISM | SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School | To drive, promote and standardize the use of PM and Precision Health for improving patient care, focusing on diseases relevant to Asian populations |
Notes
i National flagship program for the genomic sciences
j This includes Singapore General Hospital, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore National Eye Centre, and NUS Health System
Abbreviations
A*STAR Agency for Science and Technology Research, ADR adverse drug reaction, BMRC Biomedical Research Council, GIS Genome Institute of Singapore, HSA Health Sciences Authority, NUS National University of Singapore, POLARIS Personalised OMIC Lattice for Advanced Research and Improving Stratification, PRISM SingHealth Duke-National University Singapore Institute of Precision Medicine, SAPhIRE Surveillance and Pharmacogenomics Initiative for Adverse Drug Reactions