Table 5.
Cox regression analyses for 90-day mortality with cumulative fluid balance, cumulative input, and output
| Models | Variables | Cardiovascular disease | Non-cardiovascular disease | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Model 1 | CFB* | 1.76 (1.37–2.27) | < 0.001 | 1.46 (1.17–1.83) | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | CFB* | 1.67 (1.19–2.34) | 0.003 | 1.55 (1.16–2.09) | 0.003 |
| Model 3 | Cumulative input*,† | 3.35 (1.64–6.83) | 0.001 | 5.53 (2.60–11.75) | < 0.001 |
| Cumulative total output*,† | 0.56 (0.47–0.76) | < 0.001 | 0.25 (0.14–0.45) | < 0.001 | |
| Model 4 | Cumulative input*,† | 2.66 (1.30–5.44) | 0.007 | 1.92 (1.08–3.42) | 0.027 |
| Cumulative urine output*,† | 0.78 (0.67–0.91) | 0.001 | 0.84 (0.75–0.93) | 0.001 | |
CFB Cumulative fluid balance
Model 1: Additionally adjusted for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and propensity score
Model 2: Model 1 + daily fluid balance before ECMO*,¶
Model 3: Model 2 + cumulative input + cumulative total output without CFB
Model 4: Model 2 + cumulative input + cumulative urine output without CFB
*Data were log-transformed
†During 3 days from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) commencement
¶Daily fluid balance during intensive care unit admission before ECMO commencement
Propensity score was obtained by logistic regression analysis with covariables body mass index, ECMO pump time, ECMO blood flow rate, albumin, total carbon dioxide, acute kidney injury stage
The 27 (3.7%) patients who were lost to follow-up were treated as censored