Table 3.
Pooled unadjusted and adjusted RRs for children on track for literacy-numeracy index (LNI) by availability of children’s books to child by World Bank income group for the 2016 fiscal year
| World Bank Income Group | Number of countries |
Unadjusted risk ratios (95% CI) of children on track for LNI by availability of at least 1 book to child |
Adjusted risk ratios (95% CI) of children on track for LNI by availability of at least 1 book to child |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
RR (95% CI) |
I2* (P -value) |
RR† (95% CI) |
I2 (P-value) |
||
| High Income (HIC) |
3 |
2.25 (1.51, 3.35) |
41.5% (0.181) |
1.98 (1.38, 2.84) |
29.8% (0.189) |
| Upper Middle Income (l-MIC) |
13 |
2.27 (1.92, 2.68) |
72.1% (<0.0001) |
1.65 (1.42, 1.92) |
61.6% (0.014) |
| Lower Middle Income (u-MIC) |
11 |
3.24 (2.76, 3.79) |
82.0% (<0.0001) |
1.83 (1.70, 1.97) |
11.0% (0.001) |
| Low Income (LIC) |
8 |
4.17 (3.50, 4.97) |
75.6% (<0.0001) |
2.23 (1.94, 2.56) |
52.6% (0.031) |
| Total | 35 | 2.97 (2.65, 3.33) | 85.0% (<0.0001) | 1.89 (1.75, 2.03) | 54.4% (<0.0001) |
RR – risk ratio, CI – confidence interval
*I2 is the percentage of the total variation that is due to heterogeneity between the countries’ RR.
†RR adjusted for wealth index quintile, maternal education, rural or urban residence and age of child (in months).