Table 1.
Basic characteristics of study population according to the Chinese famine exposure
| Non-exposed group | Fetal exposed group | Infant exposed group | Preschool exposed group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth date | 10/1/1962–9/30/1964 | 10/1/1959–9/30/1961 | 1/1/1958–12/31/1958 | 1/1/1956–12/31/1957 | |
| N | 1536 | 832 | 519 | 1251 | |
| Women, n (%) | 803(52.3) | 439 (52.8) | 241 (46.4) | 615 (49.2) | 0.035 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 139 (9.0) | 113 (13.6)* | 66 (12.7)* | 135 (10.8) | 0.004 |
| Age (Mean ± SD, years) | 48.84 ± 0.66 | 51.83 ± 0.66 | 54.00 ± 0.00 | 55.49 ± 0.50 | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity level, n (%) | 0.215 | ||||
| Light | 1007 (65.6) | 540 (64.9) | 371 (71.5) | 821 (65.6) | |
| Moderate | 306 (19.9) | 166 (20.0) | 88 (17.0) | 257 (20.5) | |
| Vigorous | 223 (14.5) | 126 (15.1) | 60 (11.6) | 173 (13.8) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.018 | ||||
| Never | 1048 (68.2) | 554 (66.6) | 330 (63.3) | 775 (62.0) | |
| Former | 80 (5.2) | 36 (4.3) | 28 (5.4) | 78 (6.2) | |
| Current | 408 (26.6) | 242 (29.1) | 161 (31.0) | 398 (31.8) | |
| Drinking, n (%) | 0.613 | ||||
| Never | 956 (62.2) | 514 (61.8) | 320 (61.7) | 791 (63.2) | |
| Former | 154 (10.0) | 81 (9.7) | 54 (10.4) | 100 (8.0) | |
| Current | 426 (27.7) | 237 (28.5) | 145 (27.9) | 360 (28.8) | |
| Own education, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Primary school and below | 647 (42.1) | 356 (42.8) | 276 (53.2) | 730 (58.4) | |
| Junior | 579 (37.7) | 224 (26.9) | 145 (27.9) | 313 (25.0) | |
| High school | 251 (16.3) | 225 (27.0) | 88 (17.0) | 188 (15.0) | |
| College and above | 59 (3.8) | 27 (3.2) | 10 (1.9) | 20 (1.6) | |
| Parents’ education, n (%) | 0.667 | ||||
| Primary school and below | 1367 (89.0) | 744 (89.4) | 468 (90.2) | 1141 (91.2) | |
| Junior | 87 (5.7) | 47 (5.6) | 24 (4.6) | 57 (4.6) | |
| High school | 65 (4.2) | 30 (3.6) | 20 (3.9) | 45 (3.6) | |
| College and above | 17 (1.1) | 11 (1.3) | 7 (1.3) | 8 (0.6) | |
| Overweight/obesity, n (%) | 543 (48.1) | 290 (47.0) | 170 (44.0) | 402 (41.3) | 0.012 |
| BMI (Mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 24.21 ± 3.61 | 24.29 ± 4.22 | 23.72 ± 3.85 | 23.69 ± 3.79 | 0.002 |
| FPG (Mean ± SD, mg/dl) | 107.15 ± 34.11 | 110.13 ± 39.38 | 110.81 ± 38.78 | 108.19 ± 30.70 | 0.246 |
| Hb1Ac%(Mean ± SD,%) | 5.21 ± 0.84 | 5.26 ± 0.88 | 5.30 ± 0.88 | 5.23 ± 0.80 | 0.272 |
Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose
*Compared with the non-exposed cohort, P < 0.05