Table 2.
The risk of diabetes in later life following exposure to famine using different control groups
| Fetal-exposed group | Control groups | OR(95%CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. cases/ sample size | Mean age (years) | Control groups | No. cases/ sample size | Mean age (years) | |
| Total | |||||
| 113/832 | 51.8 ± 0.7 | Non-exposed | 139/1536 | 48.8 ± 0.6 | 1.58 (1.21–2.06)** |
| Infant-exposed | 66/519 | 54.0 ± 0.5 | 0.92 (0.66–1.27) | ||
| Preschool-exposed | 135/1251 | 55.5 ± 0.4 | 0.77 (0.59–1.01) | ||
| Age balanced | 340/3306 | 52.2 ± 3.2 | 1.37 (1.09–1.72)** | ||
| Severe area | |||||
| 57/471 | 51.8 ± 0.7 | Non-exposed | 75/1010 | 48.8 ± 0.7 | 1.70 (1.18–2.45)** |
| Infant-exposed | 44/343 | 54.0 ± 0.5 | 1.05 (0.69–1.61) | ||
| Preschool-exposed | 86/819 | 55.5 ± 0.5 | 0.87 (0.61–1.25) | ||
| Age balanced | 205/2172 | 52.2 ± 3.2 | 1.33 (0.97–1.82) | ||
| Less severe area | |||||
| 56/361 | 51.9 ± 0.7 | Non-exposed | 64/526 | 48.9 ± 0.7 | 1.33 (0.90–1.96) |
| Infant-exposed | 22/176 | 54.0 ± 0.5 | 0.77 (0.45–1.31) | ||
| Preschool-exposed | 49/432 | 55.5 ± 0.5 | 0.66 (0.43–1.01) | ||
| Age balanced | 135/1134 | 52.2 ± 3.2 | 1.36 (0.97–1.91) | ||
| Male | |||||
| 55/393 | 51.9 ± 0.7 | Non-exposed | 72/733 | 48.9 ± 0.7 | 1.51 (1.03–2.20)* |
| Infant-exposed | 32/278 | 54.0 ± 0.5 | 0.76 (0.47–1.24) | ||
| Preschool-exposed | 62/636 | 55.5 ± 0.5 | 0.66 (0.44–0.97)* | ||
| Age balanced | 166/1647 | 52.3 ± 3.2 | 1.47 (1.05–2.04)* | ||
| Female | |||||
| 58/439 | 51.8 ± 0.6 | Non-exposed | 67/803 | 48.8 ± 0.7 | 1.72 (1.18–2.50)** |
| Infant-exposed | 34/241 | 54.0 ± 0.5 | 1.01 (0.63–1.60) | ||
| Preschool-exposed | 73/615 | 55.5 ± 0.5 | 0.86 (0.59–1.26) | ||
| Age balanced | 174/1659 | 52.0 ± 3.2 | 1.35 (0.98–1.86) | ||
| BMI < 24 kg/m2 | |||||
| 43/423 | 51.8 ± 0.7 | Non-exposed | 56/807 | 48.8 ± 0.7 | 1.51 (0.99–2.29) |
| Infant-exposed | 25/285 | 54.0 ± 0.5 | 0.87 (0.52–1.47) | ||
| Preschool-exposed | 58/701 | 55.5 ± 0.5 | 0.84 (0.55–1.29) | ||
| Age balanced | 139/1793 | 52.3 ± 3.2 | 1.34 (0.93–1.92) | ||
| BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 | |||||
| 70/409 | 51.9 ± 0.7 | Non-exposed | 83/729 | 48.8 ± 0.7 | 1.64 (1.16–2.31)** |
| Infant-exposed | 41/234 | 54.0 ± 0.5 | 1.00 (0.65–1.53) | ||
| Preschool-exposed | 77/550 | 55.5 ± 0.5 | 0.75 (0.52–1.07) | ||
| Age balanced | 201/1513 | 52.0 ± 3.2 | 1.38 (1.02–1.86)* | ||
Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, NO. numbers
All the analysis adjusted for gender, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity level, the highest education attainments of participants and their parents. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01