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. 2018 Oct 26;17:387. doi: 10.1186/s12936-018-2542-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Nosological framework for post-malaria neurological syndrome. DCA is difficult to classify in PMNS because in most of the published cases, data on parasite clearance was lacking. However, other elements (delay, lack of sensitivity to antimalarials) advocate for at least a relationship between them. Delayed post-infectious cerebellar involvement was described in a number of the confirmed PMNS cases; MRIs were normal for some and ADEM-compatible for others. ADEM: acute diffuse encephalomyelitis. MRI magnetic resonance imaging, DCA diffuse cerebellar ataxia, AIE autoimmune encephalitis, PMNS post-malaria neurological syndrome