Table 1.

Main clinical characteristics for cases of post-malaria neurological syndrome following P. falciparum (A), P. vivax (B) and mixed (C) infections

	N	Age	Gender	Cerebral malaria	Severe malaria	Treatment of malaria	Symptom-free period (days)	Fever	Confusion	Seizures	Psychosis	Cerebellar involvement	Motor deficit
A—PMNS post P. falciparum
Case 1	1	33	M	No	Yes	AD/AP	10	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Case 2	1	29	M	No	No	AP/Q/AD	13	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Case 3	1	36	F	No	No	AP	15	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Case 4	1	43	F	No	Yes	Q/MF	15	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Nguyen [4]	22	29a	15 M	Yes 13 No 9	Yes 21 No 1	Q46% MF77% O18% AD59%	1–60 (median 4)	Yes 9 No 13	Yes 15 No 7	Yes 8 No 14	Yes 6 No 16	Yes 1 No 21	Yes 0 No 22
O’Brien [6]	1	42	M	Yes	Yes	Q/D	45	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Zambito [7]	1	60	M	Yes	Yes	Q/D	11	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Mizuno [8]	1	54	M	Yes	Yes	AD/MF	21	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Nayak [9]	1	23	M	Yes	Yes	AD/O	7	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Prendki [10]	1	19	M	Yes	Yes	Q	46	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Prendki [10]	1	19	M	Yes	Yes	Q	7	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Falchook [11]	1	50	F	No	Yes	Q/D/AP	11	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Matias [12]	1	61	M	No	Yes	Q/D	2	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Markley [13]	1	42	M	Yes	Yes	MF/Q/D/AP	19	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Forestier [14]	1	50	M	No	No	AP	21	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Rakoto [15]	1	16	M	Yes	No	Q/AD/O	13	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Pace [16]	1	48	F	No	No	AD/O	2	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Caetano [17]	1	60	M	No	No	NA	NA	No	Yes	Yes	NA	Yes	No
Mohsen [18]	1	30	F	No	Yes	Q/D	35	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Schnorf [19]	1	34	F	Yes	Yes	Q/O	17	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Schnorf [19]	1	61	M	Yes	Yes	Q/MF	10	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Agrawal [20]	1	12	F	Yes	Yes	Q/D	16	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Rachita [21]	1	4	F	No	No	Q	7	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes
Lawn [22]	1	44	M	No	Yes	Q/AF	7	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Lawn [22]	1	22	F	No	Yes	Q/AF	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Total	46		30 M	24	38	Q28, MF21, AD19, AF14, D7, O2		21	33	16	12	13	6
% [95% CI]			65.2 [50.7–77.3]	52.2 [38.1–65.9]	82.6 [69.3–90.9]	Q 60, MF 46, AD 41, AF 30, D 18, O 8		45.6 [32.1–59.8]	71.7 [57.4–82.7]	34.8 [22.7–49.2]	26.1 [15.6–40.3]	28.3 [17.3–42.6]	13.0 [6.1–25.7]
Mean (SD)		33.3 (12.7)					15.4b (12.0)
Median (min–max)		29 (4–61)					13b (2–46)
B—PMNS post P. vivax
Goyal [23]	1	1.5	F	Yes	Yes	AD/Q	7	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Sidhu [24]	1	8	F	Yes	Yes	AD	7	No	No	No	No	No	No
Kochar [25]	1	55	M	No	No	CQ	14	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Kasundra [26]	1	14	F	No	NA	NA	14	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
C—PMNS post mixed infections (P. falciparum/P. vivax)
Koibichi [27]	1	24	M	No	Yes	Q	26	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Mani [28]	1	Adult	F	NA	NA	D/AD	NA	No	No	No	No	No	Yes

M male, F female, D days, NA not available, Q quinin, AD artemisinin derivatives, MF mefloquine, AF anti-folic, O other, SD standard deviation, [95% CI] 95% confidence interval

^aMean on 22 patients

^bCalculated on 23 available figured data