Table 2.
Risk factors for CT in urine specimens from participants 18–49 years of age in Shandong, China
| Male | Female | Denominatorc unweighted, weighted | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | Crude OR | Adjusted ORa | 95% CI | % (95% CI) | Crude OR | Adjusted ORb | 95% CI | Male | Female | |
| All ages | 2.7% (1.6–3.8) | 2.3% (1.5–3.2) | 3495, 3622 | 3708, 3581 | ||||||
| Age(years) | P = 0.02 | P = 0.48 | P = 0.08 | P = 0.57 | ||||||
| 18–24 | 4.3% (0.0–8.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 3.2% (0.4–6.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 253, 851 | 194, 825 |
| 25–29 | 2.3% (0.5–4.1) | 0.52 | 0.91 | 0.24–3.48 | 2.9% (1.9–3.8) | 0.88 | 2.23 | 0.72–6.86 | 780, 496 | 914, 499 |
| 30–34 | 2.8% (1.3–4.2) | 0.63 | 1.40 | 0.37–5.35 | 3.5% (2.6–4.4) | 1.08 | 3.74 | 1.09–12.83 | 500, 469 | 555, 461 |
| 35–39 | 2.7% (1.1–4.2) | 0.61 | 1.40 | 0.37–5.21 | 1.4% (0.4–2.4) | 0.42 | 1.54 | 0.58–4.06 | 557, 567 | 588, 559 |
| 40–44 | 2.4% (1.3–3.5) | 0.54 | 1.32 | 0.54–3.24 | 1.5% (0.4–2.6) | 0.46 | 1.48 | 0.45–4.86 | 713, 667 | 735, 659 |
| 45–49 | 0.8% (0.2–1.3) | 0.17 | 0.40 | 0.15–1.03 | 1.6% (0.9–2.4) | 0.50 | 1.81 | 0.60–5.45 | 692, 572 | 722, 578 |
| Education | P = 0.70 | P = 0.02 | P = 0.07 | |||||||
| Elementary school, or below | 3.2% (0.0–8.3) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.6% (1.1–2.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 367, 330 | 806, 697 |
| Middle school | 2.5% (1.4–3.5) | 0.75 | – | – | 1.8% (1.2–2.3) | 1.08 | 1.04 | 0.69–1.55 | 1906, 1830 | 1935, 1788 |
| Senior high school or technical school | 3.3% (1.6–5.0) | 1.02 | – | – | 3.1% (0.8–5.3) | 1.90 | 1.52 | 0.80–2.92 | 920, 1040 | 669, 752 |
| College, university, or above | 1.4% (0.0–3.1) | 0.44 | – | – | 5.2% (0.0–10.6) | 3.32 | 2.11 | 0.93–4.81 | 302, 422 | 298, 344 |
| Marital status | P = 0.01 | P = 0.45 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | ||||||
| Married | 2.1% (1.5–2.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 1.8% (1.2–2.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 3164, 3043 | 3528, 3253 |
| Unmarried, divorced or widowed | 5.4% (0.9–9.9) | 2.61 | 1.45 | 0.55–3.84 | 7.8% (1.4–14.3) | 4.65 | 3.64 | 1.63–8.13 | 331, 579 | 180, 328 |
| Location of residence | P = 0.80 | P = 0.22 | ||||||||
| urban | 2.8% (1.1–4.5) | 1.00 | – | – | 2.8% (1.0–4.5) | 1.00 | – | – | 1708, 2063 | 1824, 2040 |
| rural | 2.5% (1.2–3.9) | 0.91 | – | – | 1.8% (1.3–2.2) | 0.64 | – | – | 1787, 1559 | 1884, 3581 |
| Living status | P = 0.01 | P = 0.17 | P = 0.75 | |||||||
| living with family | 2.3% (1.5–3.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 2.3% (1.4–3.2) | 1.00 | – | – | 3279, 3327 | 3538, 3320 |
| living with roommates | 6.5% (0.0–17.8) | 2.99 | 2.20 | 0.53–9.19 | 2.9% (0.0–9.3) | 1.29 | – | – | 69, 99 | 54, 108 |
| living alone | 7.3% (0.0–16.4) | 3.38 | 1.77 | 0.50–6.22 | 2.8% (0.0–6.0) | 1.21 | – | – | 147, 196 | 116, 153 |
| Living with spoused | P = 0.01 | P = 0.92 | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.9% (1.5–2.3) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.8% (1.1–2.5) | 1.00 | – | – | 3080, 3149 | 3309, 3213 |
| No | 10.4% (0.0–24.6) | 5.93 | – | – | 1.9% (0.3–3.5) | 1.06 | – | – | 84, 86 | 219, 244 |
| Smoking | P = 0.18 | P = 0.42 | P = 0.31 | |||||||
| No | 2.1% (0.9–3.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 2.3% (1.5–3.1) | 1.00 | – | – | 1747, 1785 | 3309, 3527 |
| Yes | 3.2% (1.5–4.9) | 1.58 | 1.36 | 0.65–2.86 | 5.9% (0.0–16.5) | 2.68 | – | – | 1748, 1837 | 70, 54 |
| STI in the past 5 yearse | P = 0.01 | P = 0.08 | P = 0.19 | P = 0.13 | ||||||
| No | 2.5% (1.4–3.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 2.3% (1.5–3.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 3467, 3595 | 3697, 3572 |
| Yes | 21.1% (0.0–54.8) | 10.3 | 7.65 | 0.79–73.84 | 9.0% (0.0–28.4) | 4.15 | 6.21 | 0.58–66.18 | 19, 27 | 11, 9 |
| Age at first intercourse (years) | P = 0.01 | P = 0.03 | P < 0.01 | P = 0.24 | ||||||
| >20 | 1.8% (1.4–2.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 1.9% (1.2–2.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 2698, 2549 | 3308, 3000 |
| ≤ 20 | 4.6% (1.0–8.2) | 2.58 | 1.76 | 1.05–2.94 | 4.7% (2.5–7.0) | 2.59 | 1.94 | 0.64–5.90 | 797, 1073 | 400, 581 |
| Number of sex partners | P < 0.01 | P = 0.02 | P < 0.01 | P = 0.04 | ||||||
| 1 | 2.1% (1.5–2.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 2.0% (1.2–2.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 3086, 3107 | 3597, 3441 |
| ≥ 2 | 6.0% (1.5–10.4) | 2.92 | 2.09 | 1.10–3.94 | 11.5% (0.0–23.3) | 6.47 | 3.66 | 1.07–12.48 | 409, 515 | 111, 140 |
| Number of new sex partners in the past year | P = 0.14 | P = 0.40 | P = 0.44 | |||||||
| ≤ 1 | 2.5% (1.4–3.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 2.3% (1.5–3.1) | 1.00 | – | – | 3375, 3459 | 3678, 3549 |
| ≥ 2 | 5.2% (0.5–9.8) | 2.08 | 0.56 | 0.15–2.16 | 5.0% (0.0–12.0) | 2.21 | – | – | 120, 163 | 30, 32 |
Abbreviations: CT Chlamydia trachomatis, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio, STI sexually transmitted infection
aAdjusted for age, marital status, living status, smoking, STI in the past 5 years, age at first intercourse, number of sex partners, number of new sex partners in the past year and smoking
bAdjusted for age, education, marital status, STI in the past 5 years, age at first intercourse and number of sex partners
cDenominator was participants with sex experience and a urine test result
dThis variable included those who have been married
eSTIs included syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis infection, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes, and HIV infection