Table 2.
Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association of presence at baseline of the metabolic syndrome, and of individual components of the metabolic syndrome, with risk of breast cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative clinical trial
| Variables | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| All cases (N = 165) |
All cases (N = 162*) |
Invasive cases (N = 128*) |
|
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) |
MV-adjusted† HR (95% CI) |
MV-adjusted† HR (95% CI) |
|
| Metabolic syndrome | |||
| No (Ncases = 111) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes (Ncases = 54) | 1.16 (0.84–1.61) | 1.12 (0.78–1.62) | 1.19 (0.79–1.79) |
| Individual components of the metabolic syndrome‡ | |||
| Waist circumference (cm) | |||
| <79 (Ncases = 55) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 79 –<88 (Ncases = 62) | 1.05 (0.72–1.54) | 0.98 (0.64–1.50) | 0.94 (0.58–1.52) |
| ≥88 (Ncases = 48) | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 0.78 (0.46–1.31) | 0.73 (0.41–1.32) |
| Ptrend | 0.97 | 0.34 | 0.30 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | |||
| <90 (Ncases = 49) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 90–<100 (Ncases = 74) | 1.39 (0.97–2.00) | 1.36 (0.94–1.97) | 1.32 (0.87–1.47) |
| >100 (Ncases = 42) | 1.24 (0.82–1.87) | 1.25 (0.81–1.93) | 1.22 (0.75–2.00) |
| Ptrend | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.38 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||
| >63 (Ncases = 54) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 50–<=63 (Ncases = 54) | 1.05 (0.75–1.48) | 1.06 (0.72–1.54) | 0.93 (0.61–1.43) |
| <50 (Ncases = 57) | 1.13 (0.79–1.61) | 1.25 (0.83–1.89) | 1.13 (0.71–1.78) |
| Ptrend | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.67 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | |||
| <104 (Ncases = 51) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 104–<150 (Ncases = 49) | 0.98 (0.65–1.47) | 0.91 (0.60–1.39) | 0.84 (0.53–1.35) |
| ≥150 (Ncases = 65) | 1.37 (0.95–1.97) | 1.22 (0.82–1.80) | 1.14 (0.74–1.77) |
| Ptrend | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.47 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| <118 ((Ncases = 46) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 118–<130 (Ncases = 59) | 1.29 (0.84–1.97) | 1.36 (0.88–2.10) | 1.31 (0.81–2.12) |
| ≥130 (Ncases = 60) | 1.33 (0.89–1.97) | 1.39 (0.92–2.09) | 1.25 (0.79–1.98) |
| Ptrend | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.39 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| <74 (Ncases = 54) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 74–<85 (Ncases = 58) | 1.05 (0.74–1.49) | 1.15 (0.81–1.65) | 1.04 (0.70–1.56) |
| ≥85 (Ncases = 53) | 1.43 (0.95–2.15) | 1.55 (1.02–2.36) | 1.43 (0.90–2.29) |
| Ptrend | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.17 |
Reduced numbers are due to 3 cases missing information energy intake, alcohol intake, and age at menarche, respectively.
Multivariable adjusted HR -- adjusted for the following variables: age (continuous), education (less than high school, high school grad/some college, college graduate, post-college), ethnicity (white, black, other), body mass index (continuous), oral contraceptive use (ever/never), hormone therapy (ever/never), age at menarche (continuous), age at first birth (<20, 20–29, ≥30, missing)), age at menopause (<50, ≥50, missing), alcohol (servings per week – continuous), family history of breast cancer (yes/no), history of breast biopsy (ever, never), physical activity (METs per week - continuous), energy intake (continuous), smoking status (never, former, current smoker), and randomization status in hormone therapy, calcium plus vitamin D, and dietary modification trials.
Mutually adjusted for all other components of the metabolic syndrome in addition to covariates listed above.