Table 2.
Clinical characteristics associated with receipt of 1mEq/L dialysate potassium concentrations (reference: 2–3 mEq/L)
| Unadjusted | Case-mix adjusted | Case-mix + Serum K adjusted | Case-mix + Serum K + potassium-binding resin adjusted | Case-mix + Serum K + modifying medication potassium-adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Age (Δ10 years) | 0.80 (0.65-0.98) | 0.03 | 0.81 (0.66-0.99) | 0.04 | 0.84 (0.68-1.05) | 0.12 | 0.84 (0.68-1.05) | 0.13 | 0.86 (0.69-1.07) | 0.17 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Female (vs. Male) | 1.87 (1.02-3.14) | 0.04 | 2.09 (1.13-3.85) | 0.02 | 1.92 (1.04-3.57) | 0.04 | 1.90 (1.03-3.53) | 0.04 | 2.01 (1.07-3.78) | 0.03 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Black (vs. Non-Black) | 0.84 (0.45-1.60) | 0.60 | 2.47 (0.85-7.20) | 0.10 | 2.66 (0.86-8.18) | 0.09 | 2.66 (0.87-8.17) | 0.09 | 2.72 (0.92-8.02) | 0.07 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Hispanic (vs. Non-Hispanic) | 2.08 (1.12-3.85) | 0.02 | 3.97 (1.41-11.2) | 0.01 | 3.67 (1.24-10.9) | 0.02 | 3.69 (1.24-10.9) | 0.02 | 3.69 (1.3-10.5) | 0.01 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Vintage (∆6 months) | 1.05 (1.02-1.08) | 0.002 | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) | 0.01 | 1.04 (1.00-1.07) | 0.03 | 1.04 (1.00-1.07) | 0.03 | 1.03 (1.00-1.06) | 0.06 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Vascular Access AVF/AVG (vs. Catheter) |
0.91 (0.38-2.17) | 0.83 | 0.86 (0.35-2.10) | 0.74 | 0.83 (0.33-2.06) | 0.68 | 0.84 (0.34-2.09) | 0.71 | 0.78 (0.31-1.96) | 0.60 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Marital status (ref: Married) Non-married |
1.28 (0.69-2.36) | 0.43 | 1.20 (0.62-2.32) | 0.60 | 1.38 (0.71-2.71) | 0.34 | 1.39 (0.71-2.73) | 0.33 | 0.78 (0.31-1.96) | 0.60 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Insurance (ref. Medicare/Medicaid) | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Private | 0.88 (0.34-2.32) | 0.80 | 1.13 (0.42-3.05) | 0.82 | 1.33 (0.48-3.68) | 0.58 | 1.36 (0.49-3.77) | 0.56 | 1.33 (0.47-3.71) | 0.59 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Other/Unknown | 0.95 (0.39-2.33) | 0.91 | 0.97 (0.38-2.45) | 0.95 | 1.12 (0.44-2.87) | 0.81 | 1.13 (0.44-2.91) | 0.80 | 1.13 (0.44-2.92) | 0.80 |
|
| ||||||||||
| MIS (Δ1) | 0.92 (0.80-1.05) | 0.22 | 0.92 (0.80-1.05) | 0.21 | 0.91 (0.79-1.05) | 0.19 | 0.91 (0.79-1.05) | 0.19 | 0.91 (0.79-1.05) | 0.20 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Diabetes | 0.90 (0.50-1.63) | 0.72 | 1.02 (0.52-1.99) | 0.96 | 0.96 (0.49-1.89) | 0.91 | 0.96 (0.49-1.90) | 0.91 | 1.10 (0.55-2.21) | 0.79 |
|
| ||||||||||
| CHF | 1.31 (0.54-3.13) | 0.56 | 1.45 (0.57-3.65) | 0.43 | 1.61 (0.63-4.13) | 0.32 | 1.63 (0.64-4.16) | 0.31 | 1.60 (0.62-4.11) | 0.33 |
|
| ||||||||||
| CAD | 1.39 (0.56-3.42) | 0.47 | 1.58 (0.63-3.99) | 0.33 | 1.54 (0.60-3.96) | 0.37 | 1.52 (0.59-3.92) | 0.38 | 1.75 (0.67-4.57) | 0.25 |
|
| ||||||||||
| CVA/TIA | 6.25 (0.56-70.2) | 0.14 | 9.60 (0.81-114) | 0.07 | 16.2 (1.29-203) | 0.03 | 15.9 (1.27-200) | 0.03 | 19.6 (1.52-254) | 0.03 |
|
| ||||||||||
| CVD | 1.39 (0.69-2.82) | 0.36 | 1.55 (0.75-3.21) | 0.23 | 1.61 (0.77-3.35) | 0.21 | 1.60 (0.77-3.35) | 0.21 | 1.71 (0.81-3.60) | 0.16 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Laboratory Data | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Serum Potassium (Δ1mEq/L) | 3.71 (1.93-7.11) | <0.001 | 3.16 (1.61-6.21) | 0.001 | 3.16 (1.61-6.21) | 0.001 | 3.16 (1.61-6.21) | 0.001 | 3.24 (1.64-6.42) | 0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Bicarbonate (Δ1mEq/L) | 0.98 (0.90-1.06) | 0.57 | 1.01 (0.92-1.09) | 0.91 | 1.02 (0.94-1.11) | 0.68 | 1.02 (0.93-1.11) | 0.70 | 1.01 (0.93-1.10) | 0.81 |
|
| ||||||||||
| SpKt/V (Δ0.2) | 1.07 (0.90-1.27) | 0.47 | 1.01 (0.83-1.22) | 0.95 | 1.02 (0.83-1.25) | 0.85 | 1.02 (0.83-1.26) | 0.84 | 1.00 (0.82-1.23) | 0.97 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Serum albumin (Δ0.2g/dl) | 1.13 (0.95-1.34) | 0.17 | 1.13 (0.95-1.36) | 0.17 | 1.14 (0.95-1.38) | 0.16 | 1.14 (0.95-1.37) | 0.17 | 1.13 (0.94-1.36) | 0.21 |
|
| ||||||||||
| nPCR (Δ0.2g/kg/day) | 1.40 (1.14-1.71) | 0.001 | 1.39 (1.13-1.71) | 0.002 | 1.32 (1.06-1.64) | 0.01 | 1.32 (1.06-1.63) | 0.01 | 1.31 (1.05-1.63) | 0.02 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Phosphorus (Δ1mg/dl) | 1.22 (1.04-1.45) | 0.02 | 1.19 (1.00-1.42) | 0.05 | 1.12 (0.93-1.34) | 0.22 | 1.12 (0.94-1.35) | 0.21 | 1.13 (0.94-1.36) | 0.18 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Creatinine (Δ1mg/dl) | 1.18 (1.07-1.31) | 0.001 | 1.26 (1.10-1.43) | 0.001 | 1.20 (1.05-1.38) | 0.01 | 1.20 (1.05-1.38) | 0.01 | 1.19 (1.04-1.37) | 0.01 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Hemoglobin (Δ1g/dl) | 0.91 (0.69-1.20) | 0.50 | 0.926 (0.70-1.23) | 0.60 | 0.96 (0.71-1.27) | 0.76 | 0.95 (0.71-1.27) | 0.71 | 0.95 (0.70-1.27) | 0.71 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Body Anthropometry | ||||||||||
| Waist Circumference (Δ5cm) | 0.93 (0.86-1.02) | 0.12 | 0.94 (0.85-1.03) | 0.18 | 0.94 (0.85-1.03) | 0.19 | 0.94 (0.85-1.03) | 0.19 | 0.95 (0.86-1.04) | 0.28 |
| Triceps Skinfold (Δ10mm) | 1.21 (0.95-1.54) | 0.12 | 1.14 (0.88-1.48) | 0.31 | 1.19 (0.92-1.55) | 0.19 | 1.19 (0.92-1.55) | 0.19 | 1.29 (0.98-1.04) | 0.07 |
| Biceps Skinfold (Δ10 mm) | 1.26 (0.94-1.69) | 0.13 | 1.13 (0.83-1.55) | 0.44 | 1.15 (0.84-1.58) | 0.39 | 1.15 (0.84-1.57) | 0.40 | 1.24 (0.89-1.72) | 0.20 |
| Mid-arm muscle circumference (Δ5cm) | 0.83 (0.60-1.16) | 0.28 | 0.91 (0.64-1.28) | 0.58 | 0.88 (0.62-1.25) | 0.48 | 0.88 (0.62-1.24) | 0.46 | 0.87 (0.61-1.23) | 0.43 |
| Mid-arm circumference (Δ5cm) | 1.01 (0.78-1.32) | 0.92 | 1.02 (0.78-1.34) | 0.87 | 1.03 (0.78-1.36) | 0.82 | 1.03 (0.78-1.35) | 0.84 | 1.07 (0.81-1.42) | 0.63 |
| NIR body fat (Δ10%) | 0.97 (0.73-1.29) | 0.84 | 0.77 (0.52-1.13) | 0.18 | 0.77 (0.52-1.13) | 0.18 | 0.77 (0.72-1.19) | 0.17 | 0.79 (0.53-1.18) | 0.25 |
| BMI (Δ 5kg/m2) | 0.97 (0.75-1.25) | 0.81 | 0.95 (0.74-1.23) | 0.71 | 0.93 (0.72-1.19) | 0.55 | 0.92 (0.72-1.19) | 0.54 | 0.95 (0.73-1.22) | 0.68 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Medications | ||||||||||
| ACEi and ARB | 0.72 (0.38-1.38) | 0.32 | 0.68 (0.35-1.31) | 0.25 | 0.64 (0.33-1.24) | 0.18 | 0.64 (0.33-1.24) | 0.19 | 0.71 (0.36-1.41) | 0.33 |
| NSAIDs | 0.49 (0.23-1.03) | 0.06 | 0.48 (0.22-1.02) | 0.06 | 0.47 (0.22-1.02) | 0.05 | 0.47 (0.22-1.03) | 0.06 | 0.51 (0.23-1.11) | 0.09 |
| Other (Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, heparin, potassium supplement) | 4.16 (0.42-40.8) | 0.22 | 6.57 (0.59-73.56) | 0.13 | 5.31 (0.46-61.7) | 0.18 | 5.25 (0.45-61.1) | 0.19 | 6.06 (0.52-70.39) | 0.15 |