Table 1–
Respondent characteristics and weighted percentage of cost-related medication non-adherence, U.S. adults with diabetes,2013–2014 (N=44,925)
| Variables | Weighted percentage of nonadherence | P-Value* |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | 16.54% | |
| Financial Factors | ||
| Household Income | ||
| <$15k | 24.41% | <0.001 |
| 1Sk-24.9k | 22.10% | |
| 2Sk-34.9k | 18.58% | |
| 3Sk-49.9k | 14.69% | |
| $S0 k or more | 8.91% | |
| Unknown | 13.S1% | |
| Health Insurance | ||
| Yes | 13.76% | <0.001 |
| No | 42.13% | |
| Unknown | 14.S0% | |
| Regimen Complexity | ||
| Insulin Use | ||
| No | 14.93% | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 19.89% | |
| Demographic Factors | ||
| Age, y | ||
| <SS | 27.77% | <0.001 |
| SS-64 | 18.46% | |
| 6S-7S | 9.06% | |
| 7S or older | 4.34% | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 19.35% | <0.001 |
| Male | 13.68% | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| NH White | 14.36% | <0.001 |
| NH Black | 20.43% | |
| Hispanic | 23.55% | |
| Other/Unknown | 16.25% | |
| Marital Status | ||
| Living Alone | 18.67% | <0.001 |
| Married or Living with SO | 14.89% | |
|
Socioeconomic Status Education | ||
| <High School | 20.12% | <0.001 |
| Some High School | 22.22% | |
| High School Grad or GED | 1S.75% | |
| Some College | 16.82% | |
| College or More | 11.12% | |
| Employment Status | ||
| Employed/self-employed | 18.12% | <0.001 |
| Not employed | 34.32% | |
| Retired | 7.29% | |
| Not in the workforce | 23.94% | |
|
Diabetes Care Factors Age at diabetes dx | ||
| <4S y | 28.05% | <0.001 |
| 4S-S4 | 19.91% | |
| SS-64 | 14.20% | |
| 6S or older | 6.54% | |
| Unknown | 13.16% | |
| Diabetes education | ||
| No | 16.30% | 0.528 |
| Yes | 16.75% | |
| Daily BG self check | ||
| No | 16.08% | 0.312 |
| Yes | 16.81% | |
| Daily feet self check | ||
| No | 1S.66% | 0.056 |
| Yes | 17.06% | |
| Annual doctor visit | ||
| No | 18.S8% | 0.018 |
| Yes | 16.19% | |
| >2 A1c tests last year | ||
| No | 19.19% | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 1S.14% | |
| Annual foot exam | ||
| No | 20.51% | <0.001 |
| Yes | 14.88% | |
| Annual eye exam | ||
| No | 24.52% | <0.001 |
| Yes | 12.47% | |
|
Lifestyle Factors Exercise | ||
| No | 18.04% | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1S.44% | |
| Drinking | ||
| No | 16.84% | 0.214 |
| Yes | 1S.85% | |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 16.12% | <0.001 |
| Past | 12.68% | |
| Current | 25.97% | |
| Unknown | 17.14% | |
| Body Mass Index | ||
| <25 kg/m2 | 13.46% | <0.001 |
| 25–29.9 | 13.36% | |
| 30 or above | 19.00% | |
| Unknown | 18.25% | |
|
Health Factors General Health | ||
| Fair or Poor | 23.03% | <0.001 |
| Good, Very Good or Excellent | 10.98% | |
| Heart Attack | ||
| No | 16.41% | 0.342 |
| Yes | 17.23% | |
| CHD | ||
| No | 16.32% | 0.082 |
| Yes | 17.82% | |
| Stroke | ||
| No | 16.40% | 0.189 |
| Yes | 17.85% | |
| Skin Cancer | ||
| No | 17.21% | <0.001 |
| Yes | 10.61% | |
| Other Cancer | ||
| No | 16.76% | 0.047 |
| Yes | 14.88% | |
| COPD/Asthma | ||
| No | 14.12% | <0.001 |
| Yes | 23.34% | |
| Arthritis | ||
| No | 14.51% | <0.001 |
| Yes | 18.45% | |
| Depression | ||
| No | 12.28% | <0.001 |
| Yes | 27.88% | |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | ||
| No | 16.26% | 0.011 |
| Yes | 19.28% | |
| Disability | ||
| No | 12.91% | <0.001 |
| Yes | 22.02% | |
*
P-values were based on Pearson design-based corrected chisquare statistic.