Table 3.
GEE analysis of bivariate associations and characteristics of police interactions among PWUD who engage in informal recycling in Vancouver, Canada, 2010 −2015 (N=10806)*
| Interactions | Total, N (%) | Recycling Yes, n (%) | Recycling No, n (%) | p – value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive encounters** | ||||
| Yes | 476 (4.4) | 82(5.2) | 394 (4.3) | 0.052 |
| No | 10330 (95.6) | 1493 (94.8) | 8837(95.7) | |
| Directed to services | ||||
| Yes | 10410 (96.3) | 1557 (98.9) | 8853 (95.9) | 0.027 |
| No | 396(3.7) | 18(1.1) | 378(4.1) | |
| Property confiscated | ||||
| Yes | 10765 (99.6) | 1571 (99.7) | 9194(99.6) | 0.881 |
| No | 41 (0.4) | 4(0.3) | 37(0.4) | |
| Told to move on | ||||
| Yes | 128(1.2) | 40(2.5) | 88(1.0) | 0.015 |
| No | 10678(98.8) | 1535(97.5) | 9143(99.0) | |
| Victim of a crime | ||||
| Yes | 132(1.2) | 17(1.1) | 115(1.2) | 0.878 |
| No | 10674(98.8) | 1558(98.9) | 9116(98.8) | |
| Charged | ||||
| Yes | 205 (1.9) | 41 (2.6) | 164(1.8) | 0.423 |
| No | 10601(98.1) | 1534 (97.4) | 9067 (98.2) | |
| Arrested | ||||
| Yes | 627(5.8) | 113(7.2) | 514(5.6) | 0.848 |
| No | 10179(94.2) | 1462(92.8) | 8717 (94.4) | |
| Ticketed | ||||
| Yes | 10495(97.1) | 1561(99.1) | 8934 (96.8) | 0.029 |
| No | 311(2.9) | 14 (0.9) | 297 (3.2) | |
| Jaywalking (stopped) | ||||
| Yes | 41 (0.4) | 18(1.1) | 23 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| No | 10765 (99.6) | 1557 (98.9) | 9208 (99.8) |
*Total number of reports of interactions in follow up period
** Positive encounters with police included simple greetings, police outreach activities, safety and wellbeing checks, and other forms of assistance
† p-value of generalised estimating equations model