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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 24.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Syst. 2018 Oct 3;7(4):359–370.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.08.013

Figure 5. Curvature-induced second-degree conduction block in iOS-HEK cell tracks.

Figure 5.

A) Left: image of an iOS-HEK cell track showing stimulus region highlighted in cyan and regions of fluorescence monitoring shown with dashed rectangles. Right: single frame from an optical voltage recording showing two action potentials propagating through the track. See Supplementary Movie 3. Scale bars 200 μm. B) Left: kymograph showing action potential propagation with a 4 Hz pacing frequency. The vertical axis represents contour coordinate along the track. All spikes conducted into the far-field, but conduction showed second-degree block at a corner where there was a slight defect in the pattern, corresponding to the red and orange rectangles. C) Numerical simulations of second-degree conduction block in a 1D track with a 10 cell zone of 3-fold reduced gap junctional coupling.