Table 2.
Characteristics of included RCTs.
| Study type | Included studies | Country | Study center | Sample size (VLP/EF) | Female (VLP/EF) | Mean age (VLP/EF)(years) | Fracture type | Intervention (VLP/EF) | Follow-up time (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trials | Jeudy 2012 | France | Two | 36/39 | 26/31 | 64.7/64.6 | AO C2-3 | VLP/EF | 6 |
| Wilcke 2011 | Sweden | One | 33/30 | 25/23 | 55/56 | AO A/C1 | VLP/bridging EF | 12 | |
| Wei 2009 | USA | One | 12/22 | 9/19 | 61/55 | AO A/C | VLP/bridging EF | 12 | |
| Egol 2008 | USA | One | 38/39 | 25/22 | 52.2/49.9 | AO A/B/C | VLP/bridging EF | 12 | |
| Gradl 2013 | USA | One | 52/50 | 89§ | 63§ | AO A3/C1-3 | VLP/non-bridging EF | 12 | |
| Williksen 2013 | Norway | One | 52/59 | 89§ | 54§ | AO A2-3/C1-3 | VLP/bridging EF | 12 | |
| Shukla 2014 | India | One | 42/68 | 28/33 | 39.12§ | Cooney's type IV | VLP/bridging EF | 12 | |
| Roh 2015 | Korea | One | 36/38 | 7/8 | 54.4/55.3 | AO C2-3 | VLP/EF | 12 | |
| Sha 2015 | China | One | 61/61 | 52/50 | 64.7/64.4 | AO C1-3 | VLP/bridging EF | 12–28 | |
| Navarro 2016 | Sweden | One | 70/70 | 63/66 | 63/63 | AO A2-3/C1-3 | VLP/bridging EF | 12 |
VLP: volar locking plate; EF: external fixation; NR: not reported; §: respective data are not available in the study.