Table 3.
Characteristics of included CSs.
| Study type | Included studies | Country | Study center | Sample size (VLP/EF) | Female (VLP/EF) | Mean age (VLP/EF)(years) | Fracture type | Intervention (VLP/EF) | Follow-up time (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retrospective cohort studies | Richard 2011 | USA | One | 56/59 | 28/31 | 50/50 | AO C2-3 | VLP/EF | 12 |
| Jorge-Mora 2012 | Spain | One | 40/40 | 24/21 | 52/45 | AO A/B/C1-3 | VLP/EF | 15 | |
| Schmelzer-Schmied 2009 | Germany | One | 15/15 | NR | 60§ | AO C1-2 | VLP/bridging EF | >12 | |
| Rizzo 2008 | USA | One | 41/14 | 25/8 | 48/45 | Melone type II | VLP/EF | 25–36 | |
| Wright 2005 | USA | One | 21/11 | 10/8 | 50.1/50 | NR | VP/bridging EF | 12–84 | |
| Westphal 2005 | Germany | One | 54/77 | 28/46 | 59.5/60.6 | AO A3/C2 | VP/EF | 12–40 | |
| Kumbaraci 2014 | Turkey | One | 34/35 | 16/18 | 48/52.6 | AO C1-3 | VLP/bridging EF | 12–72 | |
| Gereli 2010 | Turkey | One | 16/14 | 5/3 | 49/35 | AO C1-3 | VLP/bridging EF | 16–96 | |
| Sato 2010 | Japan | One | 13/13 | 9/11 | 69.7/65.8 | AO A/C | VLP/bridging EF | 12–39 | |
| Zhao 2011 | China | One | 30/30 | 26/26 | 59.57/60/97 | AO A3/B2-3/C1-3 | VP/bridging EF | 12–18 | |
| Yang 2013 | China | One | 29/25 | 13/12 | 45.72/44.84 | AO C1-3 | VLP/bridging EF | 12–24 |
CSs: retrospective cohort studies; VLP: volar locking plate; EF: external fixation; NR: not reported; §: respective data are not available in the study.