Table 3.
Surgical data.
| Study | Recurrence of acute gallstone-related illness (%) | Post-PCT surgical data | Follow–up | |||
| Surgery (%) | Timing | Difficulty (%) | Mortality (%) | |||
| Abi-Haidar (2012)1 | 25.6 | 58.8 | – | CR 24 | 0 | – |
| Al-jundi (2012)2 | 6.6 | 36.7 | median 58 d (R 1–124 d) | CR 45.5 | – | median 25 m (R 1–52 m) |
| Anderson 2013)3 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Atar (2014)4 | – | 44.4 | – | CR 2.8 | 5.8 (small bowel obstruction) 2.8 (sepsis) | mean 4 m (R 3 weeks–8 m) |
| Bakkaloglu (2006)5 | 13.6 | 18.5 | 2 m | Morbidity 0; CR 0 | 0 | – |
| Bickel (2016)6 | – | – | Gr1: 11 W ± 10.9 | Gr1: CR 8.3; severe adhesions 25; fibrotic changes 17 | – | – |
| Gr2: 9.9 W ± 8.6 (P = 0.68) | Gr2: CR 33.3 (P = 0.09); severe adhesion 57 (P = 0.064); fibrotic changes 53.3 ( P = 0.03) | |||||
| Gr3: no data | – | |||||
| Boules (2016)7 | 3.7 | 32.9 | mean 103 d | CR 7.2 | 19 (30-d); 0 (operative) | Minimum 1 year |
| Carrafiello (2012)8 | 0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Cha (2014)9 | 0 | 42.7 | mean 7.43 ± 4.99 d | – | 5.71 (operative) | median 5.2 (5.4–87.7) |
| Chang (2014)10 | 11.7 | 0 | – | – | median 38.1 m ± 24.8 | |
| Chok (2010)11 | 5.3 | 34.8 | – | CR 37.5 | median 35 m | |
| Chou (2015)12 | 9.6 | 45.5 | – | – | Minimum 3 years | |
| De Mestral (2013)13 | 49 (at 1 year) | 50 | – | – | md 1.8 years (IQR 0.6–3.6) | |
| El-Gendi (2016)14 | 0 (within 6 weeks to surgery) | – | ‘All patients operated on 6 weeks after PCT’ | Gr1: CR 2.7; intraoperative bleeding 26.33 ml ± 23.86 ml; operative time 38.09 ± 8.23 minutes; subtotal LC 0 | – | |
| Gr2: CR 24 (P < 0.001); intraoperative bleeding 41.73 ml ± 51.09 ml (P = 0.008); operative time 87.8 ± 33.06 minutes (P < 0.001); subtotal LC 17.3 (P < 0.001) | ||||||
| Flexer (2014)15 | 50 | 52 | – | CBD injury requiring ERCP and stent 7.8 | 7.8 (postoperative) | median 35 m (22–50 m) |
| Griniatsos (2008)16 | 9.5 | 0 | – | – | – | median 17.5 m (IR 13.5–25) |
| Horn (2015)17 | 23.5 | 28.4 | – | – | – | median follow up 5 years |
| Hsieh (2012)18 | 14.4 | 33.1 | – | 18.9; 0; CR 34.3 | – | mean 25.4 m |
| Jang (2015)19 | 19.3 | 66.6 | – | – | – | mean 350 d ± 393 |
| Jung (2015)20 | – | 100 | Gr1: median 6 d (R 2–10 d) | Gr1: mean operative time: 102.6 ± 49.0 minutes; mean LOS postoperative 7.4 ± 5.3 d; CR 33.3; severe inflammation 26.7; bile duct injury 3.3; postoperative morbidity 6.7 | – | – |
| Gr2: median 23 d (R 11–38 d) | Gr2: mean operative time: 94.9 ± 39.9 minutes (P = 0.459); mean LOS postoperative 7.6 ± 6.8 (P = 0.910); CR 25 (P = 0.435); severe inflammation 22.7; bile duct injury 0; postoperative morbidity 13.6 (P = 0.343) | |||||
| Karakayali (2014)21 | – | – | mean 5 weeks (R 4–7 weeks) post-PCT | Gr1: CR 40; intraoperative bleeding > 100 ml 33; morbidity 35 | – | mean 23 m (R 7–29 m) |
| Gr2I: CR 19 (P = 0.029); intraoperative bleeding > 100 ml 9 (P = 0.006) morbidity 9 (P = 0.003) | ||||||
| Khasawneh (2015)22 | – | 35.1 | median 55 d (475) | CR 21 | md 6.1 m | |
| Kinkegard (2015)23 | 1 (1.8) | 4 (7.1) | median 8.8 m (7.7–33.4 m) | – | – | – |
| Li (2013)24 | 4.1 | 0 | – | – | – | md 32.4 m (R 3–58 m) |
| Lin (2016)25 | 27.7 | 61.3 | mean 17.8 d (R 3–69 d) | – | – | – |
| Marci (2006)26 | – | 92.6 (all during index admission) | Gr 1: < 5 d (60%) Gr 2: 5–10 d (40%) | CR 20 | – | – |
| McKay (2012)27 | 41 | 31.3 | – | CR 28.6 | – | median 55 m |
| Melloul (2011)28 | 17.3 | 21.7 | – | – | – | median 16 m (R 2–44) |
| Mizrahi (2015)29 | – | – | PCT Gr: mean 84 ± 5 d | PCT Gr: CR 11; mean operative time 142 ± 4 minutes; bile duct injury 10 | – | – |
| Non-PCT Gr: 102 ± 10 d (P = 0.35) | Non PCT Gr: CR 4 (P = 0.001); operative time 107 ± 4 minutes (P < 0.001); bile duct injury 4% (P = 0.003) | |||||
| Morse (2010)30 | 16 | 22 | mean 49D ± 40 | CR 27.3; CBD injury 9; bile leak 9 | – | – |
| Nasim (2011)31 | 9.67 | 37.08 | – | – | – | mean 403 d (R 4 – 2190) |
| Ni (2015)32 | 3.8 | 41.9 | Operative time mean 116.7 minutes ± 30.8; operative blood loss 32.9ml ± 37.7; CR 19.2; operative morbidity 0 | – | – | |
| Nikfarjam (2013)33 | 48 | 28 | median 73 d (R 32–447 d) | CR 0 (11 planned open procedures) | 11 (30-d postoperative due to sepsis and renal failure) | – |
| Pang (2016)34 | 11.9 | 45.1 | – | CR 9.4 | 0 (operative) | median 37 m (R 0.1–110.8 m) |
| Paran (2006)35 | – | 57.4 | – | CR 8; operative morbidity 16 (collection 12, bile leak 4) | – | – |
| Peters (2014)36 | 19.5 | 45.9 | – | – | – | mean 55 m |
| Rodriguez-Sanjuan (2012)37 | – | 31 | – | – | – | mean 14.6 m (R 1–57 m) |
| Sanjay (2013)38 | 22 | 34 | – | – | – | median 910 d(53 d–9.3 years) |
| Simorov (2013)39 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| T. Smith (2013)40 | – | 41 | – | – | – | |
| Suzuki (2015)41 | – | 34 | mean 7 weeks | CR 32% (75% of these were due to dense adhesions); major postoperative morbidity 17 (CBD obstruction requiring ERCP 6.9, bile leak 6.9, return to theatre for bleeding 4.5) | 0 (postoperative) | – |
| Viste (2015)42 | – | 28.9 | – | – | – | median 12 m (R 0–78 m) |
| Wang (2016)43 | 9.2 | 32.6 | – | – | – | 1 Y |
| Yeo (2016)44 | – | 41 | median 35 (R 2–339) | CR: 15; mean operating time 139.5 minutes (R 60–264 minutes); major postoperative complications 11.9 (including 1 bile duct injury, 2.4) | – | – |
| Zehetner (2014)45 | 39 | 17 | – | Gr1: mean operative time 52 minutes (2.85 ± SD); operative morbidity 4 (abdominal abscess) | – | – |
| Gr2: mean operative time 156 minutes (52.27 ± SD); operative morbidity 4 (wound infection) | ||||||
| Zerem (2014)46 | – | 22.2 | – | CR 12.5 | – | median 13 m (R 5–24 m) |
CBD, common bile duct; CR, conversion rate to open; d, days; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Gr, group; m, months; IQR, interquartile range; LC, laparoscopic cholecystectomy; LOS, length of stay; PCT, percutaneous cholecystostomy tube; R, range; SD, standard deviation from the mean.