TABLE 3.
Clinical Studies: Demographics, Study Design, and Experimental Focus
| Study | Study Design (Level of Evidence) | Participants | Abnormality | Experimental Groups | Experimental Focus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barker et al2 (2009) | Randomized controlled trial (level 1) | Male with preoperative/postoperative supplementation (N = 20) | Anterior cruciate ligament tear | (1) Vitamins C and E (n = 10) and (2) placebo (n = 10) | Muscle atrophy/recovery and oxidative stress parameters |
| Ekrol et al6
(2014) |
Controlled trial (level 2) | Male and female with postinjury supplementation (N = 336) | Distal radius fracture | Displaced fractures: (1) Vitamin C (n = 94) and (2) placebo (n = 92) Nondisplaced fractures: (1) Vitamin C (n = 75) and (2) placebo (n = 75) |
Bone healing |
| Sandukji et al32 (2011) | Randomized controlled trial (level 1) | Male with postoperative supplementation (N = 55) | Long bone fracture (humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, femur) | (1) Vitamins A, C, and E and selenium (n = 20) and (2) control (n = 35) | Bone healing and oxidative stress parameters |