FIG 2.

Hyperexpression of IL-10 by human monocytes is associated with S. Choleraesuis infection. ELISA analyses were performed to measure the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), and IL-6 (C) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 (D) by monocytes infected with S. Choleraesuis (A50, A45, and B195) or S. Typhimurium (14028 and 4/74). These production levels were compared with those of monocytes cultured with PMA (positive control) or of monocytes cultured only in medium for the same experimental time period. Error bars represent standard deviations from the mean, and linkage bars indicate significant differences (P = 0.05). Results shown are mean values calculated from triplicate experiments performed on five separate occasions. Black bars, 6 h p.i.; white bars, 24 h p.i.