Figure 4.

Relative expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and Type I IFN genes from kidney and spleen tissue harvested from premetamorphic tadpoles (stage 54–55; n = 6 individuals) exposed to either 0.2% ethanol (vehicle control), 0.1, or 1.0 μg/l of an equimass mixture of 23 UOG chemicals for 3 weeks. After chemical exposure, tadpoles were either ip injected with 10 000 pfu of FV3 or with amphibian PBS (vehicle control), and then euthanized after 3 days. Results are means ± SEM of 12 individuals per group from 2 different experiments (6 per experiment) using GAPDH as endogenous control. *p < .05 significant differences between controls and UOG exposed groups using one-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s post hoc test.