Table 3.

Biomarkers in chondrosarcoma

	Tissue enchondroma	Chondrosarcoma	Cell line
Secreted protein
Adiponectin		Increased by staging	Exist
Amphiregulin		Increased by staging	Exist
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor		Increased by staging	Exist
Leptin		Increased by staging	Exist
Periostin	No	Exist
S100		Exist
VEGF-A		Increased by staging	Exist
VEGF-C		Increased by staging	Exist
Signalling molecule
AMACR	Exist	No
BMPR2		Increased by staging
HOTAIR		Increased by staging	Exist
RUNX2		Increased by staging
S1P		Decreased
Sirtuin-1		Exist	Exist
Survivin		Exist
Nuclear factor
SOX4		Increased by staging	Exist
SOX9	Exist	Decreased	Decreased

AMACR, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.