Table 4.

Odds Ratio Estimates of Diagnosis Status and Glycemic Control from Logistic Regression in Diabetes Subclass (n = 535)

	Diagnosis statusa		Glycemic controlb
	Undiagnosed diabetes		A1C ≥6.5%
	aOR (95% CI)	Adjusted Wald test	aOR (95% CI)	Adjusted Wald test
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	Ref.	p < 0.001	Ref.	p < 0.001
Non-Hispanic black	11.2 (6.3–19.9)***		15.6 (7.6–32.2)***
Hispanic	2.8 (1.0–8.1)		1.9 (0.9–4.0)
Native American	c		c
Asian	0.4 (0.1–1.7)		1.2 (0.5–2.7)
Education
College graduate or more	Ref.	p = 0.13	Ref.	p = 0.48
Some college or vocational school	1.0 (0.5–1.9)		1.3 (0.6–2.7)
High school graduate	0.7 (0.3–1.8)		1.8 (0.6–5.0)
Less than high school	0.3 (0.1–0.9)*		2.3 (0.7–7.6)
Insurance
Private insurance	Ref.	p = 0.36	Ref.	p = 0.31
Medicaid	1.6 (0.7–3.4)		1.0 (0.4–2.4)
No insurance	1.5 (0.7–3.2)		1.9 (0.8–4.9)
Access to care
Had access	Ref.	p = 0.81	Ref.	p = 0.13
Lacked access	1.1 (0.6–1.9)		1.7 (0.9–3.2)
Diagnosis status
Diagnosed	NA		Ref.	p = 0.002
Undiagnosed			3.2 (1.8–5.8)***

^aReference category is being diagnosed (self-reported diabetes history or antihyperglycemic medication use).

^bReference category is A1C <6.5%, which the ADA recommends before becoming pregnant.⁹

^cCell count too small to publish as per Add Health guidelines.

^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.

ADA, American Diabetes Association.