Table 1.
Ames test of Xanthigen using Salmonella Typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537) and Escherichia Coli (WP2) strains.
| Doses (μg/plate) | Number of revertants/plate (Without S9 activation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TA98 | TA100 | TA1535 | TA1537 | WP2(uvrA) | |
| 50 | 31 ± 3.0 | 178 ± 6.7 | 30 ± 3.5 | 14 ± 2.6 | 74 ± 4.0 |
| 100 | 32 ± 4.7 | 178 ± 4.5 | 28 ± 4.6 | 12 ± 3.5 | 72 ± 7.9 |
| 500 | 32 ± 3.5 | 184 ± 4.0 | 30 ± 1.5 | 15 ± 1.5 | 73 ± 4.5 |
| 1000 | 33 ± 6.7 | 179 ± 7.8 | 28 ± 2.5 | 13 ± 2.0 | 76 ± 4.0 |
| 5000 | 31 ± 4.0 | 178 ± 10.1 | 29 ± 2.6 | 15 ± 3.5 | 73 ± 4.0 |
| Negative controla | 33 ± 2.5 | 180 ± 6.7 | 30 ± 6.4 | 14 ± 4.6 | 74 ± 4.9 |
| Positive controlb | 465 ± 29.5* | 896 ± 66.8* | 431 ± 29.7* | 64 ± 5.3* | 1041 ± 43.6* |
| A | B | B | C | D | |
| Number of revertants/plate (With S9 activation) | |||||
| TA98 | TA100 | TA1535 | TA1537 | WP2 (uvrA) | |
| 50 | 48 ± 7.2 | 161 ± 10.0 | 31 ± 6.1 | 11 ± 2.5 | 78 ± 4.6 |
| 100 | 52 ± 3.1 | 165 ± 8.3 | 32 ± 8.7 | 10 ± 1.0 | 80 ± 7.0 |
| 500 | 50 ± 8.5 | 165 ± 10.6 | 31 ± 2.6 | 11 ± 1.0 | 79 ± 5.6 |
| 1000 | 47 ± 7.6 | 163 ± 5.3 | 31 ± 4.0 | 11 ± 3.5 | 80 ± 7.8 |
| 5000 | 50 ± 3.5 | 160 ± 11.4 | 28 ± 4.2 | 10 ± 1.0 | 79 ± 6.5 |
| Negative controla | 51 ± 4.5 | 162 ± 10.7 | 32 ± 4.6 | 10 ± 1.5 | 80 ± 5.0 |
| Positive controlb | 208 ± 19.0* | 501 ± 44.8* | 389 ± 21.4* | 138 ± 7.0* | 451 ± 51.0 |
| E | F | F | E | F | |
Data represent the means and standard deviation of the results obtained from three independent experiments.
*
Three-fold or more increase in revertant numbers over the negative control.
a
Dimethyl sulfoxide.
b
Types and concentrations of positive control groups used in different strains: A, 2-nitrofluorene (2.5 μg/plate); B, sodium- azide (1.5 μg/plate); C, 9-aminoacridine (25 μg/plate); D, methyl-methansulfonate (2.5 μg/plate); E, benzo[a]pyrene (20 μg/plate); F, 2-aminoanthracene (10 μg/plate).