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. 2018 Oct 9;5:1021–1031. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.10.007

Table 7.

Summary of serum biochemical data in the rat subchronic 13-week oral toxicity study.

Males AST (UI/L) ALT (IU/L) ALP (IU/L) GGT (IU/L) LDH(IU/L)
Control 110 ± 29 36 ± 8 270 ± 92 0.8 ± 0.4 1069 ± 679
250 mg/kg/day 138 ± 43 38 ± 9 279 ± 74 0.8 ± 0.4 1556 ± 909
500 mg/kg/day 120 ± 47 46 ± 27 291 ± 93 0.4 ± 0.5 1027 ± 911
1000 mg/kg/day 118 ± 35 33 ± 4 256 ± 60 0.8 ± 0.4 1367 ± 873
Males BUN (mg/dl) CRE (mg/dl) GLU (mg/dl) CPK (U/L) UA (mg/dl)
Control 13.8 ± 1.5 0.56 ± 0.03 195 ± 18 501 ± 275 2.4 ± 0.7
250 mg/kg/day 13.6 ± 1.9 0.56 ± 0.04 192 ± 21 675 ± 321 2.3 ± 0.6
500 mg/kg/day 13.8 ± 2.0 0.54 v 0.04 193 ± 31 463 ± 377 2.5 ± 0.8
1000 mg/kg/day 14.2 ± 3.3 0.57 ± 0.07 214 ± 18 536 ± 295 2.9 ± 0.5
Males CHO (mg/dl) LDL (mg/dl) HDL (mg/dl) TG (mg/dl) TP (g/dl)
Control 78 ± 7 6.3 ± 1.7 22.1 ± 1.4 55 ± 19 6.0 ± 0.2
250 mg/kg/day 77 ± 13 6.4 ± 2.5 22.9 ± 2.9 46 ± 16 5.9 ± 0.2
500 mg/kg/day 96 ± 19 6.8 ± 1.7 25.7 ± 3.8b 66 ± 29 6.0 ± 0.3
1000 mg/kg/day 121 ± 18b 7.7 ± 1.4 29.4 ± 3.1b 69 ± 29 6.3 ± 0.3a
Males ALB (g/dl) T-BIL (mg/dl) A/G ratio IP (mg/dl) Ca (mg/dl)
Control 2.4 ± 0.1 0.07 ± 0.02 0.66 ± 0.03 9.0 ± 0.8 10.4 ± 0.5
250 mg/kg/day 2.3 ± 0.1 0.06 ± 0.01 0.64 ± 0.03 9.0 ± 0.8 10.4 ± 0.4
500 mg/kg/day 2.3 ± 0.1 0.08 ± 0.03 0.64 ± 0.02 8.8 ± 0.3 10.5 ± 0.4
1000 mg/kg/day 2.5 v 0.2 0.07 ± 0.02 0.64 ± 0.03 9.2 ± 0.6 10.8 ± 0.3
Males Cl (mg/dl) Mg (mg/dl) Na (mg/dl) K (mg/dl)
Control 107 ± 2 2.8 ± 0.2 146 ± 1 5.2 ± 1.1
250 mg/kg/day 107 ± 2 2.8 ± 0.3 145 ± 1 4.9 ± 0.4
500 mg/kg/day 106 ± 1 2.8 ± 0.3 146 ± 2 5.0 ± 0.6
1000 mg/kg/day 106 ± 2 2.9 ± 0.3 145 ± 1 5.0 ± 0.5
Female AST (UI/L) ALT (IU/L) ALP (IU/L) GGT (IU/L) LDH(IU/L)
Control 112 ± 39 27 ± 6 167 ± 69 0.7 1235 ± 694
250 mg/kg/day 118 ± 37 33 ± 16 220 ± 75 0.8 ± 0.4 116 ± 662
500 mg/kg/day 109 ± 33 33 ± 9 215 ± 70 0.6 ± 0.5 987 ± 867
1000 mg/kg/day 105 ± 37 31 ± 7 187 ± 63 0.9 ± 0.3 1087 ± 995
Female BUN (mg/dl) CRE (mg/dl) GLU (mg/dl) CPK (U/L) UA (mg/dl)
Control 16.0 ± 2.5 0.58 ± 0.08 170 ± 22 540 ± 304 0.5
250 mg/kg/day 16.7 ± 2.9 0.61 ± 0.10 166 ± 31 500 ± 206 2.5 ± 0.5
500 mg/kg/day 16.3 ± 1.8 0.58 ± 0.05 173 ± 37 399 ± 281 2.5 ± 0.7
1000 mg/kg/day 16.9 ± 2.6 0.57 ± 0.05 170 ± 20 457 ± 378 2.3 ± 0.4
Female CHO (mg/dl) LDL (mg/dl) HDL (mg/dl) TG (mg/dl) TP (g/dl)
Control 79 ± 20 3.1 ± 1.0 24.0 ± 4.5 50 ± 30 6.5 ± 0.4
250 mg/kg/day 83 ± 19 3.9 ± 0.9 25.4 ± 4.3 39 ± 25 6.3 ± 0.5
500 mg/kg/day 96 ± 22 4.5 ± 1.3a 28.0 ± 5.0 60 ± 33 6.7 ± 0.4
1000 mg/kg/day 105 ± 14a 4.3 ± 0.9a 30.2 ± 3.3a 41 ± 28 6.6 ± 0.3
Female ALB (g/dl) T-BIL (mg/dl) A/G ratio IP (mg/dl) Ca (mg/dl)
Control 2.9 ± 0.2 0.08 ± 0.02 0.79 ± 0.05 7.8 ± 0.5 10.6 ± 0.8
250 mg/kg/day 2.7 ± 0.2 0.09 ± 0.02 0.76 ± 0.07 8.1 ± 1.1 11.2 ± 1.7
500 mg/kg/day 0.3 0.10 ± 0.03 0.79 ± 0.08 8.3 ± 1.0 11.1 ± 0.7
1000 mg/kg/day 2.9 ± 0.2 0.09 ± 0.03 0.78 ± 0.06 8.1 ± 0.7 10.9 ± 0.6
Female Cl (mg/dl) Mg (mg/dl) Na (mg/dl) K (mg/dl)
Control 107 ± 2 2.6 ± 0.3 143 ± 1 5.0 ± 0.7
250 mg/kg/day 108 ± 2 2.7 ± 0.2 143 ± 1 5.3 ± 0.6
500 mg/kg/day 107 ± 2 2.6 ± 0.2 143 ± 1 5.5 ± 0.7
1000 mg/kg/day 107 ± 1 2.6 ± 0.2 143 ± 1 5.2 ± 0.7

Abbreviations: AST = Aspartate aminotransferase; AST = Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT = Alanine aminotransferase, ALP = Alkaline phosphatase, GGT = Gamma(γ)-glutamyl transferase, LDH = Lactate dehydrogenase, BUN = Blood urea nitrogen, CRE = Creatinine, GLU = Glucose, CPK = Creatine phosphokinase, UA = Uric acid, CHO = Total cholesterol, LDL = Low density lipid, HDL=High density lipid; TG = Triglyceride, TP = Total protein, ALB = Albumin, T-BIL = Total bilirubin, A/G ratio = Albumin/Globulin ratio, IP = Inorganic phosphorus, Ca = Calcium, Cl = Chloride, Mg = Magnesium, Na = Sodium, K = Potassium.

Values are Mean ± SD.

a

Significant difference compare with control value p < 0.05.

b

Significant difference compare with control value, p < 0.01.