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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 23.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Nano. 2018 Aug 29;12(10):9785–9799. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08976

Figure 4. Induction of Tregs by multi-functionalized PLLA NF-SMS in vitro.

Figure 4.

a) T cells in multi-functionalized PLLA NF-SMS observed under confocal microscopy and b) SEM; c) and d) Induction of Tregs with different growth factor and miRNA combinations released from the functionalized NF-SMS in vitro; e) and f) Analysis of the induced Tregs showed that the cells could inhibit the proliferation of total T cells, where carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) is used to label generations of proliferating cells; g) Schematic illustration of our hypothesis that the release of IL-2/TGF-β and miR-10a from the multi-functionalized NF-SMS induces T cell transformation into Tregs and thereby rescues periodontal bone loss through Treg enhanced osteoblast activity and suppressed osteoclast activity.