Skip to main content
. 2018 Sep 24;128(11):4956–4969. doi: 10.1172/JCI98199

Figure 6. Adnp+/– pups exhibit significantly delayed growth as well as significantly impaired gait at 18 to 40 days of age, affected by NAP treatment, in a sex-dependent manner.

Figure 6

(A and B) A 2-way, repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s means separation test revealed significant differences in length between Adnp+/+ and Adnp+/– littermate mice (males: Adnp+/+ n = 18, Adnp+/– n = 12, Adnp+/– NAP, n = 12; females: Adnp+/+ n = 20, Adnp+/– n = 9, Adnp+/– NAP, n = 23). For males, main effects for group [F(1,28) = 24.025, P < 0.001], day [F(21,573) = 2122.663, P < 0.001], and interaction [F(21,573) = 3.703, P < 0.001] were found, with significant differences between Adnp+/+ and Adnp+/– mice (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01). For females, main effects for group [F(1,27) = 16.178, P < 0.001], day [F(21,554) = 1487.989, P < 0.001], and interaction [F(21,554) = 5.267, P < 0.001] were found, with significant differences between Adnp+/+ and Adnp+/– mice (*P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001). NAP treatment did not affect length acquisition in male or female Adnp+/– pups. (C–E) For gait analysis, a 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was performed. An unpaired Student’s t test was also used to determine sex differences (males: Adnp+/+ n = 104, Adnp+/– n = 72, Adnp+/– NAP, n = 64; females: Adnp+/+ n = 96, Adnp+/– n = 44, Adnp+/– NAP, n = 116 paw replicates per experimental group). For standing (seconds), main genotype [F(1,316) = 23.683, P < 0.001] and interaction [F(1,316) = 18.030, P <0.001] effects were found in males and main interaction effect in females (F(1,352) = 4.894, P < 0.05). For step cycles (seconds), main genotype [F(1,316) = 32.116, P < 0.001] and interaction [F(1,316) = 18.086, P < 0.001] effects were found in males. In females, a main interaction effect was found [F(1,352) = 4.974, P = 0.026]. For stride length (cm), main genotype [F(1,316) = 38.359, P <0.001] and treatment [F(1,316) = 6.152, P = 0.014] effects were found in males. In females, main genotype [F(1,352) = 21.286, P < 0.001], treatment [F(1,352) = 5.371, P = 0.021], and interaction [F(1,352) = 7.117, P = 0.008] effects were found. For standing, step cycle, and stride length parameters, significant differences between Adnp+/+ and Adnp+/– mice (***P < 0.001) and NAP- versus vehicle-treated Adnp+/– mice (***P < 0.001) were found. Sex differences were observed for all 3 gait parameters (**P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, Student’s t test). (A and B) Adnp+/+ data are reshown in Supplemental Figure 11, A and B; (C–E) Adnp+/+ data are also shown in Supplemental Figure 13, A–C.