Table 1.
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis including studies on anterior hypopituitarism-induced by traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Frequency of pituitary deficit is reported as range of percent values.
| Author [ref] | Any | TSH | ACTH | GH | FSH and/or LH | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAH (n = 102) | Schneider et al. [17] | 37.5–55 | 2.5–9.4 | 6.3–40 | 20–6.7 | 0–13.3 |
| SAH (n = 691) | Khajeh et al. [30] | 0–55 | 0–20 | 0–40 | 0–37 | 0–28 |
| SAH (n = 924) | Can et al. [32] (3–6 months) | 4.5–37.5 | 0–9.3 | 0–28.1 | 0–25 | 0–23.6 |
| Can et al. [32] (>6 months) | 0–55 | 0–13.3 | 0–40 | 0–36.7 | 0–36.7 | |
| SAH (n = 110) | Valdes-Socin [33] | N/A | 2.5–7.5 | 2.5–32 | 12.5–37 | 0–13 |
| TBI (n = 809) | Schneider et al. [17] | 15.4–50 | 1–13.2 | 0–19.2 | 5.9–32.7 | 1.9–20 |
| TBI, children & adolescents (n = 20) | Acerini et al. [19] | N/A | 50–100 | 0–100 | 50–100 | 66.7–100 |
Abbreviations: ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; GH = growth hormone; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone; TBI = traumatic brain injury; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; SAH = subarachnoid hemorrhage.
All studies reviewed by Acerini et al. [19] are case reports of post-head trauma hypopituitarism, as opposed to screening studies. Accordingly, it is inappropriate to calculate rate of deficiency for at least one anterior pituitary hormone. The percentages of hormone deficits in the Acerini et al. paper are distribution among the 20 cases of post-head trauma hypopituitarism.