Table 1. Durations from ketamine/xylazine injection until the behavioral marker as well as between defined markers.

	Time in minutes (median and 1st and 4th quartile)
	SAL	YOH	ATI	χ2	p*
Time to Marker
Emergence Period
Whisker Movement	46.8 [41.0–55.3]	22.2 [19.3–23.7]	17.4 [17.0–18.3]	15.16	p<0.001
Respiration	47.1 [41.0–55.3]	22.2 [19.2–24.5]	17.5 [17.0–18.3]	13.35	p = 0.001
Forelimb Movement	47.1 [41.0–55.3]	24.0 [21.3–31.8]	21.8 [17.7–26.2]	11.94	p = 0.003
RORR	56.4 [46.0–63.2]	38.7 [29.8–51.2]	25.9 [24.6–27.4]	13.66	p = 0.001
Recovery Period
Uncoordinated Movement	59.6 [49.7–65.7]	41.3 [34.3–51.2]	28.6 [25.4–32.4]	14.36	p = 0.001
Cross-Matched Ambulation	66.7 [51.0–71.8]	49.1 [39.3–54.3]	36.4 [30.4–37.4]	10.65	p = 0.001
Ataxia	66.4 [51.0–71.7]	47.7 [39.3–56.2]	36.8 [29.6–42.4]	10.88	p = 0.004
Sticky Dot Notice	67.1 [54.1–70.0]	59.0 [39.2–62.7]	36.1 [26.1–40.4]	10.32	p = 0.006
Sticky Dot Notice maxed*	69.2 [54.1–88.2]	57.0 [39.2–62.7]	36.1 [26.1–40.4]	12.88	p = 0.002
Time between Markers
1st behavior and RORR	8.8 [1.0–13.6]	17.1 [7.9–29.3]	8.1 [7.2–10.3]	7.4	p = 0.025
RORR to C-M Ambulation	10.1 [5.0–10.5]	4.6 [1.5–8.5]	10.0 [5.0–10.0]	6.76	p = 0.034
RORR to Ataxia	10.0 [5.0–10.0]	5.0 [5.0–20.0]	10.0 [5.0–15.0]	3.49	p = 0.175
RORR to Sticky Dot	11.1 [7.5–25]	13.2 [4.9–25.0]	8.8 [1.2–15.0]	1.28	p = 0.527

SAL: saline; YOH: yohimbine; ATI: atipamezole; RORR: return of righting reflex; C-M: cross-matched

* p-values (χ^2-values) were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test.