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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 4.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2018 Sep 4;138(10):1039–1053. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034668

Table 1.

Requirements for a “Reliable” Surrogate Endpoint for Clinical Outcomes

• The measure must correlate with risk of the outcome in patients without a given medical intervention.
• The measure must continue to correlate with risk of the outcome after modulation with a given therapy.
• Therapeutically modulated levels of the measure must predict the net effect of the treatment on the clinical outcome.
• The correlation between therapeutically modulated levels of the measure and risk of outcome must be consistent across various classes of interventions and population subsets.