Figure 2.

Levels of exosomes in urine of hypertensive patients. (A) There were no differences among the groups in percent of urinary PL-VAP⁺/CD31⁺, PL-VAP⁺/CD144⁺, and PL-VAP⁺/CD31⁺/CD144⁺ exosomes. (B) PTC-EMPs were identified using flow cytometry as PL-VAP⁺/CD31⁻/CD144⁻ as shown in representative fluorescent images. Scale bar =20 µm. (C) Renal vein and systemic levels of PL-VAP⁺/CD31⁻/CD144⁻ EMPs were not different among the groups, whereas their urinary levels were elevated in both EH and RVH compared to HVs (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). EMPs, endothelial microparticles; HVs, healthy volunteers; EH, essential hypertension; RVH; renovascular hypertension ^*p <0.05 versus HV