Table 2.
Significant associations between protein biomarkers and lipid fractions in the multivariable model.*
| TRIGLYCERIDES (TG) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EpiHealth | PIVUS+ULSAM | |||||
| Marker | Beta | SE | P | Beta meta | SE meta | P meta |
| Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) | 0.153 | 0.017 | 9.27E-19 | 0.193 | 0.022 | 5.65E-18 |
| Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) | 0.263 | 0.020 | 7.68E-37 | 0.216 | 0.026 | 2.95E-16 |
| Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA) | 0.220 | 0.021 | 3.68E-25 | 0.198 | 0.026 | 2.60E-14 |
| Cathepsin D (CTSD) | 0.171 | 0.023 | 2.13E-13 | 0.197 | 0.027 | 4.70E-13 |
| Galectin-3 (Gal-3) | 0.149 | 0.023 | 1.30E-10 | 0.181 | 0.027 | 4.32E-11 |
| C-C motif chemokine 3 (CCL3) | 0.159 | 0.023 | 1.31E-11 | 0.169 | 0.028 | 3.19E-09 |
| TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) | 0.057 | 0.022 | 8.86E-03 | 0.162 | 0.028 | 7.58E-09 |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) | 0.057 | 0.023 | 1.09E-02 | 0.161 | 0.028 | 1.09E-08 |
| Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) | 0.150 | 0.022 | 1.20E-11 | 0.148 | 0.027 | 7.82E-08 |
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1) | 0.091 | 0.022 | 4.92E-05 | 0.148 | 0.028 | 9.94E-08 |
| Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) | 0.156 | 0.022 | 4.45E-12 | 0.151 | 0.028 | 1.40E-07 |
| E-selectin (SELE) | 0.135 | 0.023 | 8.09E-09 | 0.145 | 0.028 | 2.47E-07 |
| Placenta growth factor (PlGF) | 0.140 | 0.022 | 3.02E-10 | 0.142 | 0.028 | 4.11E-07 |
| Interleukin-18 (IL-18) | 0.143 | 0.024 | 1.62E-09 | 0.140 | 0.028 | 8.39E-07 |
| Stem cell factor (SCF) | −0.131 | 0.024 | 7.65E-08 | −0.139 | 0.028 | 9.83E-07 |
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-R2) | 0.072 | 0.023 | 1.96E-03 | 0.136 | 0.028 | 1.75E-06 |
| Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) | 0.093 | 0.025 | 1.54E-04 | 0.135 | 0.029 | 3.49E-06 |
| Leptin (LEP) | 0.097 | 0.014 | 7.62E-12 | 0.084 | 0.018 | 4.56E-06 |
| Growth hormone (GH) | −0.184 | 0.021 | 6.62E-18 | −0.125 | 0.027 | 5.35E-06 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) | 0.170 | 0.024 | 1.14E-12 | 0.124 | 0.028 | 8.44E-06 |
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) | 0.124 | 0.023 | 5.38E-08 | 0.127 | 0.029 | 9.59E-06 |
| Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) | 0.150 | 0.023 | 1.74E-10 | 0.127 | 0.029 | 1.08E-05 |
| Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) | 0.128 | 0.024 | 6.95E-08 | 0.122 | 0.029 | 1.95E-05 |
| C-X-C motif chemokine 16 (CXCL16) | 0.129 | 0.024 | 6.79E-08 | 0.119 | 0.028 | 3.14E-05 |
| Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL-6RA) | 0.123 | 0.024 | 5.24E-07 | 0.115 | 0.029 | 6.46E-05 |
| Resistin (RETN) | 0.061 | 0.024 | 1.16E-02 | 0.115 | 0.029 | 7.08E-05 |
| Kallikrein-6 (KLK6) | 0.077 | 0.024 | 1.51E-03 | 0.106 | 0.028 | 1.69E-04 |
| Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF subunit B) | 0.084 | 0.025 | 7.85E-04 | 0.109 | 0.029 | 1.77E-04 |
| Interleukin-16 (IL-16) | 0.101 | 0.024 | 2.82E-05 | 0.106 | 0.029 | 2.06E-04 |
| Renin (REN) | 0.058 | 0.023 | 1.13E-02 | 0.099 | 0.027 | 2.34E-04 |
| Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) | 0.102 | 0.025 | 3.79E-05 | 0.105 | 0.029 | 3.25E-04 |
| P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) | 0.148 | 0.024 | 1.80E-09 | 0.100 | 0.029 | 5.45E-04 |
| Thrombomodulin (TM) | 0.070 | 0.024 | 3.73E-03 | 0.088 | 0.029 | 2.17E-03 |
| Adrenomedullin (AM) | 0.092 | 0.021 | 8.95E-06 | 0.072 | 0.028 | 9.91E-03 |
| CD40 ligand (CD40L) | 0.065 | 0.025 | 8.86E-03 | 0.070 | 0.029 | 1.62E-02 |
| TOTAL CHOLESTEROL (TC) | ||||||
| Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) | 0.188 | 0.020 | 5.79E-20 | 0.232 | 0.027 | 7.44E-18 |
| Galectin-3 (Gal-3) | 0.140 | 0.021 | 6.03E-11 | 0.166 | 0.027 | 1.02E-09 |
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-R2) | −0.080 | 0.021 | 2.11E-04 | −0.110 | 0.028 | 9.12E-05 |
| Tissue factor (TF) | 0.060 | 0.022 | 7.16E-03 | 0.092 | 0.028 | 1.02E-03 |
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1) | −0.071 | 0.021 | 6.80E-04 | −0.086 | 0.028 | 1.80E-03 |
| C-X-C motif chemokine 16 (CXCL16) | 0.096 | 0.022 | 1.46E-05 | 0.087 | 0.028 | 2.04E-03 |
| Resistin (RETN) | −0.109 | 0.022 | 1.08E-06 | −0.087 | 0.028 | 2.30E-03 |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | −0.106 | 0.021 | 3.34E-07 | −0.077 | 0.027 | 5.12E-03 |
| Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) | 0.107 | 0.019 | 4.52E-08 | 0.068 | 0.026 | 9.54E-03 |
| TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) | −0.052 | 0.020 | 9.94E-03 | −0.068 | 0.028 | 1.44E-02 |
| Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) | 0.089 | 0.022 | 4.60E-05 | 0.065 | 0.028 | 2.17E-02 |
| Interleukin-27 subunit alpha (IL27-A) | −0.101 | 0.023 | 1.15E-05 | −0.063 | 0.028 | 2.41E-02 |
| Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR) | −0.054 | 0.020 | 6.89E-03 | −0.060 | 0.028 | 3.20E-02 |
| Kallikrein-6 (KLK6) | 0.067 | 0.023 | 3.02E-03 | 0.059 | 0.028 | 3.52E-02 |
| Leptin (LEP) | 0.048 | 0.013 | 3.03E-04 | 0.037 | 0.018 | 4.28E-02 |
| LDL CHOLESTEROL (LDL-C) | ||||||
| Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) | 0.132 | 0.020 | 7.77E-11 | 0.154 | 0.027 | 8.95E-09 |
| Galectin-3 (Gal-3) | 0.113 | 0.021 | 1.03E-07 | 0.134 | 0.027 | 5.95E-07 |
| Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) | −0.055 | 0.021 | 8.19E-03 | −0.094 | 0.028 | 8.24E-04 |
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-R2) | −0.066 | 0.021 | 1.81E-03 | −0.083 | 0.028 | 2.86E-03 |
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1) | −0.064 | 0.021 | 1.93E-03 | −0.077 | 0.027 | 4.64E-03 |
| Interleukin-27 subunit alpha (IL27-A) | −0.128 | 0.023 | 1.65E-08 | −0.066 | 0.028 | 1.73E-02 |
| Resistin (RETN) | −0.088 | 0.022 | 7.55E-05 | −0.067 | 0.028 | 1.77E-02 |
| Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) | 0.076 | 0.022 | 4.53E-04 | 0.062 | 0.028 | 2.70E-02 |
| TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) | −0.056 | 0.020 | 5.33E-03 | −0.057 | 0.027 | 3.71E-02 |
| C-X-C motif chemokine 16 (CXCL16) | 0.071 | 0.022 | 1.35E-03 | 0.057 | 0.028 | 3.99E-02 |
| HDL CHOLESTEROL (HDL-C) | ||||||
| Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA) | −0.282 | 0.023 | 7.97E-34 | −0.208 | 0.027 | 3.65E-14 |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) | −0.160 | 0.025 | 8.30E-11 | −0.214 | 0.029 | 4.98E-13 |
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-R2) | −0.158 | 0.025 | 4.74E-10 | −0.208 | 0.030 | 2.80E-12 |
| Tissue factor (TF) | 0.262 | 0.025 | 2.74E-24 | 0.206 | 0.030 | 5.86E-12 |
| Stem cell factor (SCF) | 0.231 | 0.026 | 4.62E-18 | 0.188 | 0.030 | 3.19E-10 |
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1) | −0.122 | 0.024 | 7.08E-07 | −0.162 | 0.029 | 3.79E-08 |
| TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) | −0.068 | 0.024 | 4.43E-03 | −0.157 | 0.029 | 1.09E-07 |
| C-C motif chemokine 3 (CCL3) | −0.169 | 0.026 | 7.02E-11 | −0.154 | 0.030 | 3.18E-07 |
| Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) | 0.075 | 0.024 | 2.29E-03 | 0.146 | 0.029 | 5.47E-07 |
| Resistin (RETN) | −0.145 | 0.026 | 4.02E-08 | −0.151 | 0.030 | 6.79E-07 |
| Interleukin-18 (IL-18) | −0.172 | 0.026 | 3.85E-11 | −0.146 | 0.030 | 1.33E-06 |
| Placenta growth factor (PlGF) | −0.135 | 0.024 | 3.43E-08 | −0.140 | 0.029 | 2.26E-06 |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | −0.152 | 0.024 | 4.39E-10 | −0.121 | 0.029 | 3.93E-05 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) | 0.071 | 0.026 | 7.01E-03 | 0.103 | 0.029 | 4.26E-04 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) | −0.062 | 0.026 | 1.90E-02 | −0.097 | 0.029 | 8.80E-04 |
| Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) | −0.061 | 0.021 | 3.64E-03 | −0.095 | 0.029 | 9.48E-04 |
| Growth hormone (GH) | 0.090 | 0.024 | 1.35E-04 | 0.095 | 0.029 | 1.06E-03 |
| Interleukin-16 (IL-16) | −0.136 | 0.026 | 2.43E-07 | −0.098 | 0.030 | 1.20E-03 |
| Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) | −0.051 | 0.019 | 7.36E-03 | −0.076 | 0.024 | 1.64E-03 |
| Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR) | −0.144 | 0.023 | 8.14E-10 | −0.086 | 0.030 | 4.22E-03 |
| ST2 protein (ST2) | 0.084 | 0.025 | 8.20E-04 | 0.078 | 0.030 | 8.28E-03 |
| Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) | −0.130 | 0.023 | 1.64E-08 | −0.064 | 0.028 | 2.39E-02 |
*
Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, glucose levels, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, diabetes medication and myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, heart failure and atrial fibrillation.