Table 5.
Cell densities for subcortical structures.
| Region | Neuron density | Total cells* | Interneuron subtypes | Total glia estimate (Cells/mm3) | Astrocytes | Oligodendrocytes | Microglia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main olfactory bulb | 150,000 (Quay and Wilhoft, 1964) 203,000 (Parrish-Aungst et al., 2007) Mean and STD: 177,000 ± 37,000 GL 410,000 EPL 42,000 MCL 270,000 IPL 150,000 GCL 250,000 (Parrish-Aungst et al., 2007) 404,000 GCL (Richard et al., 2010) 53,850 NeuN+PG+ in GCL (Richard et al., 2010) 15,900 TH+ PG+ in GCL (Richard et al., 2010) |
ONL 130,000 GL 630,000 EPL 70,000 MCL 360,000 IPL 150,000 GCL 410,000 SEL 8,300,000 430,000 (Parrish-Aungst et al., 2007) 176,964 (Murakami et al., 2018) |
584 PV, 6,235 SST, 3,796 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | — | 11,500 (Lawson et al., 1990) SBE 7,300 Ramified, 5,266 Ameboid GCL 6,666 Ramified, 500 Ameboid MCL 7,666 Ramified EPL 9,333 Ramified, 500 Ameboid GLM 6,666 Ramified (Caggiano and Brunjes, 1993) |
| Olfactory Nucleus | 189,900 (Brunjes et al., 2011) | — | 630 PV, 3,818 SST, 891 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | — | 6,700 (Lawson et al., 1990) |
| Amygdala MePD | — | 149,850 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 1,238 PV, 13,036 SST, 3,095 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | 38,200 GFAP+ (male) (Johnson et al., 2012) | — | — |
| Amygdala (basolateral) | 194,000 (Mozhui et al., 2007) | 104,870 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 1,177 PV, 5,951 SST, 1,930 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) 1,400 PV+ (Fasulo et al., 2017) 3,920 nNOS (Wang et al., 2017) |
28,000 (Mozhui et al., 2007) | — | — | — |
| Amygdala (lateral) | — | 178,890 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 1,105 PV, 3,282 SST, 1,598 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | — | — |
| Amygdala (CeA) | — | 109,470 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 110 PV, 23,827 SST, 145 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | — | — |
| Striatum | 90,158 (Baker et al., 1980) 130,000 (Steen, 2006) 73,100 (Rosen and Williams, 2001) 135,500 (Slow et al., 2003) 128,000 (Förster, 2008) 106,000 Dorsal caudate/putamen (Schmid et al., 2013) 178,000 Medial caudate/ putamen (Schmid et al., 2013) 114,700 (Andsberg et al., 2001) Striatum Mean and STD: 120,110 ± 31,800 108,000 D1 MSN 95,000 D2 MSN 3800 D1/D2 (Gagnon et al., 2017) |
220,000 (San Jose et al., 2001) 292,000 (Förster, 2008) 127,080 (Murakami et al., 2018) |
5% of total neurons, or 6,000 (Graveland and DiFiglia, 1985; Yager et al., 2015). 1,688 NADPH diaphorase (Andsberg et al., 2001) 1348 ChAT+ (Andsberg et al., 2001) 920 ChAT+ (Ransome and Turnley, 2005) 120 CR+ (Ransome and Turnley, 2005) 69 CB+ (Ransome and Turnley, 2005) 1060 PV+ (Ransome and Turnley, 2005) 1,430 PV+ (Förster, 2008) 371 PV+, 5,867 SST, 64 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) 1140 SST+ (Ransome and Turnley, 2005) |
— | 4,002 GFAP+ (San Jose et al., 2001) 9,000 S-100 (Steen, 2006) 4,400 (Globus pallidus) GFAP and S-100β (Charron et al., 2014) 12,000 Dorsal caudate/putamen S-100β (Schmid et al., 2013) 19,000 Medial caudate/ putamen S-100β (Schmid et al., 2013) 10,800 S-100 (Förster, 2008) Mean and STD: 9,867 ± 5,547 |
12,000(Steen, 2006) 5,300 (Förster, 2008) 12,550 (Binder et al., 2011) Mean and STD: 9,950 ± 4,036 |
12,403(San Jose et al., 2001) 15,000(Steen, 2006) 9,700 (Lawson et al., 1990) 12,100 globus pallidus (Lawson et al., 1990) 11,300 (Förster, 2008) Mean and STD: 12,100 ± 1,900 |
| Nucleus Accumbens | 584,000 (P1) (Bayer et al., 1994) 180,000 D1 in shell 45,000 D1/D2 in shell 298,600 all MSNs in shell 267,900 all core MSNs 45,000 D1/2 in shell (Gagnon et al., 2017) |
148,280 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 120 PV, 8,618 SST, 50 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | – | — | 1480 (Yang et al., 2013) |
| Thalamus | LGN 111,350 (Heumann and Rabinowicz, 1980) dLGN 152,000 (Jeffrey et al., 1995) dLGN 175,000 (Kuronen et al., 2012) dLGN 135,000 (Dursun et al., 2011) dLGN 130,000 (Scott et al., 1994) LGN Mean and STD: 141,000 ± 24,000 dLGN 45,000 large projection neurons (Weimer et al., 2006) nucleus reticularis (RT)49,680 ± 1,097 posterior medial nucleus (POm) 41,477 ± 3,612 (Meyer et al., 2013) VPM 88,700 (Sargeant et al., 2011) VPM 77,500 (Kuronen et al., 2012) VPM Mean and STD: 83,100 ± 7,900 VPM barreloids 51,507 ± 4,422 (Meyer et al., 2013) |
122,450 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 2,072 PV, 3,889 SST, 3 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
80,966 (Heumann and Rabinowicz, 1980) | 6,000 GFAP+ (Xu et al., 2007) | — | – |
| Hypothalamus | 315,810 (Namavar et al., 2012) 320,512 (Mouton, 2014) Mean and STD: 318,161 ± 3,325 |
126,240 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 905 PV, 6,768 SST, 125 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | – | — | 11,600 ventromedial (Lawson et al., 1990) 1,040 lateral, 910 dorsal (Yang et al., 2013) |
| Superior colliculus | – | — | 5,329 PV+ (Pitts et al., 2013) 5,049 PV, 15,347 SST, 296 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | — | 7,200 (Lawson et al., 1990) 880 (Yang et al., 2013) |
| Suprachiasmatic nucleus | — | 301,770 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 379 PV, 5,941 SST, 13,370 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | 14,000 GFAP+ (Deng et al., 2010) | — | 8,700 (Deng et al., 2010) |
| Substantia Nigra | 65,451 (Timmer et al., 2007) | — | 4,458 PV, 676 SST, 0 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | 13,400 (Lawson et al., 1990) 2120 (Yang et al., 2013) |
|
| Substantia Niagra pars compacta (SNpc) | 20,435 TH+ (Zhang et al., 2012) 16,087 TH+ (Zhang et al., 2007) 12,600 TH+ (Bing et al., 1994) 19,700 TH+ (Bayer et al., 1994) Mean and STD: 17,200 ± 3,600 |
101,000 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 4,348 CB+ (Zhang et al., 2007) 1,592 PV, 1,666 SST, 1 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | — | — |
| Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) | 14,583 TH+ (Zhang et al., 2007) 14500 TH+ (Bayer et al., 1994) Mean and STD: 14,500 ± 100 |
118,100 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 9,167 CB+ (Zhang et al., 2007) 3,882 PV, 1,073 SST (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | — | 880 (Yang et al., 2013) |
| Locus ceruleus | 31,837 (Burguet et al., 2009) 19,760 (Maurin et al., 1985) Mean and STD: 25,800 ± 8,540 |
167,110 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 3,777 PV, 9,223 SST, 137 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) | — | — | — | — |
| Subthalamic nucleus | 164,479 (Sturrock, 1991) | 192,460 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 1,922 PV, 3,355 SST, 10 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | — | — |
| Cochlear nucleus | 135,824 Poly 66,321 Oct 95,759 Mul 168,483 Glob 210,282 SSPH 257,035 LSPH (Trune, 1982) |
185,270 (Murakami et al., 2018) | 16,349 PV, 5,584 SST, 8 VIP (Kim et al., 2017) |
— | — | — | — |
| Spinal cord | — | — | PV, SST, VIP for all regions in (Kim et al., 2017) | 7,500 (Anderson et al., 1998) | 20,000 S-100β (Ohgomori et al., 2017) | 3,750 (Anderson et al., 1998) 2,417 (Huang et al., 2012) Mean and STD: 3,084 ± 943 |
3,500 Iba1+ (Ohgomori et al., 2017) |
| Corpus callosum | — | — | — | — | — | 282,398 (Duque et al., 2012) 22,319 P28, (Relucio, 2011) Mean and STD: 152,360 ± 183,900 |
— |
| Optic Nerve | — | — | — | — | — | 197,200 (Pernet et al., 2008) | — |
Olfactory bulb abbreviations: ONL, Olfactory nerve layer; GL, Glomerular layer; EPL, External plexiform layer; MCL, Mitral cell layer; IPL, Internal plexiform layer; GCL, Granule cell layer; SEL, Subependymal layer. Cell abbreviations: Poly, Polymorphic layer cell; Oct, Octopus cell; Mul, Multipolar cell; Glob, Globular cell; SSPH, Small spherical cell; LSPH, Large spherical cell. Molecular abbreviations: ChAT, Choline Acetyltransferase; TH, Tyrosine Hydroxylase.
*
The cell densities derived from (Murakami et al., 2018) are systematically lower than densities from other sources and so were not averaged in with the other densities.