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. 2018 Oct 23;9:2417. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02417

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Copyright © 2018 Agrawal, Streata, Pei, Weiner, Kotze, Bandermann, Lozza, Walzl, du Plessis, Ioana, Kaufmann and Dorhoi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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IL-10 promotes MDSC-driven bacterial replication in IVGLSs. (A) Cytokines from cell-free supernatants of IVGLSs at 48 h of co-cultures. (B) Bacterial burden at day 7 IVGLSs and after co-culturing with MDSCs/MDMs for the last 48 h and simultaneous IL-10 neutralization, all antibodies were used at 10 μg/ml. IVGLSs and IVGLSs co-cultured with MDSCs/MDMs contain different total cell numbers, hence data are separated by dotted line. Each symbol corresponds to a single donor, shown are median±IQR. Data are pooled from 3 independent experiments (n = 9 individuals) (A) and 4 independent experiments (n = 11 individuals) (B); paired Student's t-test, ^*p ≤ 0.05, ^**p ≤ 0.01.