Table 2.
Results of standard and conditional logistic regression analyses for metabolites that were potentially associated with canine fearfulness according to Mann-Whitney U-test (pFDR < 0.05).
| Metabolite | Standard logistic regression | Conditional logistic regression | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | p | OR | Lower 95%CI | Higher 95%CI | B | SE | p | OR | Lower 95%CI | Higher 95%CI | |
| Glutamine | 0.937 | 0.322 | 0.004 | 2.55 | 1.357 | 4.797 | 1.277 | 0.638 | 0.045 | 3.58 | 1.026 | 12.517 |
| γ-Glu Gln | 1.133 | 0.402 | 0.005 | 3.10 | 1.413 | 6.819 | 1.887 | 1.076 | 0.080 | 6.60 | 0.801 | 54.404 |
| SDMA (breed = GD)a | 0.602 | 0.208 | 0.004 | 1.83 | 1.215 | 2.745 | 0.340 | 0.164 | 0.039 | 1.41 | 1.018 | 1.938 |
| SDMA (breed = GS) | −0.023 | 0.188 | 0.902 | 0.98 | 0.676 | 1.412 | ||||||
| Unknown MW218.0583 | 0.436 | 0.170 | 0.011 | 1.55 | 1.107 | 2.159 | 0.546 | 0.253 | 0.031 | 1.73 | 1.050 | 2.834 |
| Unknown MW106.0244 | 0.417 | 0.162 | 0.010 | 1.52 | 1.106 | 2.083 | 0.292 | 0.149 | 0.050 | 1.34 | 1.001 | 1.791 |
| Unknown MW173.0548 | 0.388 | 0.162 | 0.016 | 1.47 | 1.074 | 2.022 | 0.555 | 0.246 | 0.024 | 1.74 | 1.075 | 2.824 |
| Unknown MW134.0194 | 0.463 | 0.194 | 0.017 | 1.59 | 1.087 | 2.322 | 0.354 | 0.189 | 0.061 | 1.43 | 0.984 | 2.064 |
| threo-(Homo)2-isocitrate | 0.373 | 0.162 | 0.021 | 1.45 | 1.057 | 1.996 | 0.532 | 0.260 | 0.040 | 1.70 | 1.024 | 2.832 |
| 2-Oxopimelate | 0.440 | 0.194 | 0.023 | 1.55 | 1.062 | 2.272 | 0.607 | 0.286 | 0.034 | 1.84 | 1.047 | 3.214 |
| Unknown MW100.0162b | 0.13 | 0.023 | 0.731 | −0.367 | 0.256 | 0.151 | 0.69 | 0.420 | 1.143 | |||
| Unknown MW700.4021 | −0.107 | 0.117 | 0.364 | 0.90 | 0.714 | 1.132 | −0.139 | 0.144 | 0.334 | 0.87 | 0.656 | 1.154 |
| Response variable: phenotype (case/control) Explanatory variables: metabolite, breed (Great Dane/German Shepherd), sex (male/female), fasting status (yes/no), age |
Response variable: phenotype (case/control) Explanatory variables: metabolite, fasting status (yes/no) |
|||||||||||
Metabolic features having Mann-Whitney U FDR-corrected p-values < 0.05 but showing poor chromatographic peak shape and/or MS/MS fragmentation were excluded from logistic regression analyses.
B = coefficient, SE = standard error, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, γ-Glu Gln = γ-glutamylglutamine, SDMA = symmetric dimethylarginine, GD = Great Dane, GS = German Shepherd
DF = 1
aInteraction with breed (p = 0.035) in the standard logistic regression analysis.
bInteraction with age (p = 0.045) in the standard logistic regression analysis. OR is presented at the lowest age (18 months). OR multiplies with coefficient e0.0231 when age grows with one unit. OR is < 1 at all ages but turns into non-significant at age 86 months or more. Maximum likelihood estimates not shown because of interaction complexity.