Table 5.

The definitions of behavioural variables derived from the canine behavioural questionnaire data.

Variable	Explanation
Human fear variable	Describes the frequency and intensity of fearful reactions towards strangers. Calculated as follows: (sum of fearful behavioural reactions to strangers) × frequency of fear reaction to strangers. Each type of fearful behaviour equaled to 1, except withdrawal which was weighted by multiplying it with 5.
Situation fear variable	Describes the frequency and intensity of fearful reactions in new situations or environments. Calculated as follows: (sum of fearful behavioural reactions in new situations/environments) × frequency of fear reaction in new situation or environment. Each type of fearful behaviour equaled to 1.
Fear reaction variable	Describes the frequency and intensity showing fear towards strangers and in new situations. Calculated as average of human fear score and situation fear score.

Variables describe the dog’s fearful reaction either towards strangers (human fear variable) or in new situations (situation fear variable), and the combination of these reactions (fear reaction variable).