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. 2018 Oct 23;9:2424. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02424

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Copyright © 2018 Wang, Chen, Wang, Zhang, Hu and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A,B) The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) amoA gene, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes normalized to sample volume (copy numbers/g dry soil) in the SM (A) and WW (B) seasons. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of three replicates. Differing letters indicate significant differences of means of each gene in pairwise comparisons (Duncan test; P < 0.05) for each treatment. Means followed by the same footnote symbol(s) for each gene are not significantly different at P < 0.05.