Table 1.
Sampling sites and environmental parameters for the two highly invasive ascidians Ciona robusta and C. intestinalis
| Population ID | Region/state and country | Colonized time | Coordinates | n | AveT (°C) | MaxT (°C) | MinT (°C) | AveS (‰) | MaxS (‰) | MinS (‰) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. robusta | ||||||||||
| AM | Arenys de Mar, Spain | End‐19th | 41°33′41″N, 2°34′37″E | 29 | 17.98 | 25.28 | 13.29 | 37.67 | 38.21 | 36.87 |
| BL | Blanes, Spain | End‐19th | 41°41′12″N, 2°53′22″E | 12 | 17.44 | 24.38 | 12.98 | 37.95 | 38.32 | 37.48 |
| SA | Cape town, South Africa | Mid‐20th | 33°54′33″S, 18°25′59″E | 32 | 16.03 | 16.92 | 15.16 | 35.18 | 35.30 | 34.99 |
| GAP | Gampo, Korea | End‐20th | 35°48′26″N, 129°30′13″E | 30 | 17.72 | 24.31 | 12.18 | 33.72 | 34.48 | 32.17 |
| NMF | Nelson, New Zealand | Mid‐20th | 41°15′29″S, 173°16′42″E | 12 | 13.55 | 16.37 | 11.22 | 34.78 | 34.92 | 34.62 |
| C. intestinalis | ||||||||||
| HF | Halifax, Canada | End‐20th | 44°38′48″N, 63°34′8″W | 30 | 8.51 | 17.98 | 1.09 | 31.03 | 31.54 | 30.68 |
| MR | Murray River, Canada | Early‐21st | 46°0′53″N, 62°36′30″W | 30 | 7.77 | 18.37 | −1.25 | 29.28 | 30.64 | 28.20 |
| YM | Yarmouth, Canada | End‐20th | 43°50′06″N, 66°07′22″W | 30 | 7.08 | 11.48 | 2.16 | 31.81 | 32.20 | 31.50 |
| SL | Salzhaff, Germany | Putatively native | 54°2′22″N, 11°31′36″E | 30 | 9.25 | 17.44 | 1.82 | 15.67 | 18.52 | 13.36 |
| SC | Schleimünde, Germany | Putatively native | 54°41′25″N, 10°7′15″E | 28 | 9.45 | 17.94 | 1.90 | 14.84 | 17.67 | 12.71 |
S: salinity; T: temperature.