Table 2. Psychosocial variables and childbirth fear according to parity.
| Variables | Nulliparas | Multiparas | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SD | n | Mean ± SD | n (%) | Mean ± SD | |
| Desirability of pregnancy | ||||||
| Wanted | 184 | 64.8 ± 24.0 | 196 | 66.1 ± 21.9 | 380 (72.5) | 65.5 ± 22.9 |
| Unwanted or unplanned | 41 | 73.7 ± 23.5 | 103 | 73.2 ± 24.4 | 144 (27.5) | 73.3 ± 24.1 |
| p-value | 0.032* | 0.012* | 0.001** | |||
| WHO-5 well-being index | ||||||
| < 50 | 45 | 76.3 ± 19.5 | 82 | 76.9 ± 19.3 | 127 (24.6) | 76.7 ± 19.3 |
| ≥ 50 | 179 | 63.8 ± 24.5 | 210 | 65.0 ± 23.6 | 64.4 ± 24.0 | |
| p-value | < 0.001*** | < 0.001*** | < 0.001*** | |||
| Receiving support from husband | ||||||
| Very poor to acceptable | 33 | 79.0 ± 20.4 | 56 | 75.5 ± 22.2 | 89 (17.0) | 76.8 ± 21.5 |
| Good to very good | 193 | 64.3 ± 24.0 | 242 | 66.8 ± 22.9 | 435 (83.0) | 65.7 ± 23.4 |
| p-value | 0.001** | 0.011* | < 0.001*** | |||
| Quality of the relationship with husband | ||||||
| Very poor to poor | 13 | 84.1 ± 22.6 | 22 | 75.9 ± 23.4 | 35 (6.7) | 79.0 ± 23.1 |
| Acceptable to very good | 210 | 65.6 ± 23.6 | 277 | 68.0 ± 22.9 | 487 (93.3) | 66.9 ± 23.2 |
| p-value | 0.006** | 0.119 | 0.003** | |||
| Perceived health | ||||||
| Less than moderate | 9 | 83.1 ± 26.1 | 17 | 84.8 ± 18.2 | 26 (5.0) | 84.2 ± 27.7 |
| Moderate or very good | 217 | 65.8 ± 23.7 | 282 | 67.6 ± 23.0 | 499 (95.0) | 66.8 ± 23.3 |
| p-value | 0.033* | 0.003** | < 0.001*** | |||
| Women’s description of their present pregnancy | ||||||
| Very dissatisfied to moderately dissatisfied | 82 | 75.1 ± 22.3 | 137 | 73.6 ± 20.7 | 219 (42.4) | 74.1 ± 21.3 |
| Satisfied to very satisfied | 140 | 61.0 ± 23.6 | 158 | 64.5 ± 24.2 | 298 (57.6) | 62.9 ± 23.9 |
| p-value | < 0.001*** | 0.001** | < 0.001*** | |||
| Women’s description of their previous delivery | ||||||
| Very dissatisfied to moderately dissatisfied | - | - | 142 | 71.5±22.3 | - | - |
| Satisfied to very satisfied | - | - | 147 | 66.1 ± 23.7 | - | - |
| p-value | - | 0.047* | - | |||
| Physical activity | ||||||
| ≤ 30 minutes/week | 133 | 69.8 ± 23.0 | 159 | 70.8 ± 24.0 | 292 (55.7) | 70.3 ± 23.0 |
| > 30 minutes/week | 93 | 61.7 ± 24.8 | 139 | 65.9 ± 21.7 | 232 (44.3) | 64.2 ± 23.0 |
| p-value | 0.012* | 0.069 | 0.003** | |||
| Dyspareunia | ||||||
| Not at all or mild | 159 | 64.4 ± 22.8 | 210 | 66.5 ± 21.9 | 369 (70.4) | 65.6 ± 22.3 |
| Moderate or severe | 66 | 71.1 ± 26.5 | 89 | 73.3 ± 24.8 | 155 (29.6) | 72.4 ± 25.5 |
| p-value | 0.058 | 0.019* | 0.003** | |||
| Dysmenorrhea | ||||||
| Not at all or mild | 123 | 64.9 ± 23.0 | 219 | 68.2 ± 23.4 | 342 (65.5) | 67.0 ± 23.2 |
| Moderate to severe | 103 | 68.3 ± 25.2 | 77 | 69.4 ± 22.4 | 180 (34.5) | 68.7 ± 24.0 |
| p-value | 0.290 | 0.696 | 0.415 | |||
*p < 0 .050, **p < 0 .010, ***p < 0 .001; SD: standard deviation; (WHO-5) 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index.