FIG 1.

VEGF-A transgenic mice exhibit smaller adipocytes and reduced total fat mass shortly after VEGF-A induction. (A) Body weights of VEGF Tg mice and their littermate controls after feeding with an HFD (60% fat) plus 30 mg/kg Dox for 7 days (n = 6 per group; Student's t test, **, P < 0.01). (B) Comparison of the sizes of different adipose tissues (eWAT and sWAT) collected from VEGF Tg mice and their littermate controls after HFD-Dox feeding for 7 days. (C) MRI analysis of fat mass in VEGF Tg mice and their littermate controls after HFD-Dox feeding for 7 days (n = 6 per group; Student's t test, ***, P < 0.001). (D and E) H&E staining of eWAT and sWAT collected from VEGF Tg mice and their littermate controls after HFD-Dox feeding for 7 days (scale bar, 50 μm). (F to N) Indirect calorimetry performed in a CLAMS system after HFD-Dox feeding for 7 days. (F) O₂ consumption profile of VEGF Tg and control mice during a 12-h light-dark cycle. (G) Histogram representative of full-day and light and dark periods of the results shown in panel F. (H) General linear model-based regression plot of the association between O₂ consumption and mass (grams) as well as the association between O₂ consumption and the group factor. (I) CO₂ production profile of VEGF Tg and control mice during a 12-h light-dark cycle. (J) Histogram representative of full day and light and dark periods of the results shown in panel I. (K) General linear model-based regression plot of the association between CO₂ production and mass as well as the association between CO₂ production and the group factor. (L) Heat generation profile of VEGF Tg and control mice during a 12-h light-dark cycle. (M) Histogram representative of full day and light and dark periods of the results shown in panel L. (N) General linear model-based regression plot of the association between heat generation and mass as well as the association between heat generation and the group factor. (n = 5 per group; ANCOVA test, *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01).