Characterization of self-assembling HA-ferritin nanoparticles derived from diverse influenza virus strains. HA-ferritin nanoparticles presenting six evolutionarily divergent H1 HA antigens and two computationally generated (COBRA) antigens. (A and B) Purity of HA-nanoparticles was assessed by SDS-PAGE Coomassie staining. (C) Nanoparticle size and polydispersity of HA-nanoparticles measured by dynamic light scattering. (D) Nanoparticle integrity was visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy at ×80,000 magnification. FM47, A/Fort Monmouth/1-JY2/1947; MAL54, A/Malaysia/302/1954; DV57, A/Denver/1/1957 (DV57); HK77, A/Hong Kong/117/1977; NC99, A/New Caledonia/20/99; CA09, A/California/4/2009. COBRA P1 and COBRA X6 are computationally generated consensuses from multiple sequences, described recently by Carter et al. (21).