Table 1. Characteristics of patients receiving apixaban or warfarin as outpatient therapy for VTE.
| Study population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Apixaban ( n = 17,878) |
Warfarin ( n = 17,878) |
Standard difference | |
| Qualifying VTE encounter, n (%) | |||
| Diagnosis | |||
| PE (with or without DVT) | 7,322 (41.0) | 7,322 (41.0) | 0.0000 |
| PE with DVT | 1,655 (22.6) | 1,635 (22.3) | 0.0039 |
| PE without DVT | 5,667 (77.4) | 5,687 (77.7) | 0.0024 |
| DVT only | 10,556 (59.0) | 10,556 (59.0) | 0.0000 |
| Presumed aetiology | |||
| Provoked | 4,069 (22.8) | 4,069 (22.8) | 0.0000 |
| Unprovoked | 13,809 (77.2) | 13,809 (77.2) | 0.0000 |
| Setting | |||
| Acute-care inpatient | 9,683 (54.2) | 9,683 (54.2) | 0.0000 |
| Ambulatory-care | 8,195 (45.8) | 8,195 (45.8) | 0.0000 |
| Patient | |||
| Age (y) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 60.0 (16.0) | 60.0 (16.0) | 0.0000 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 9,282 (51.9) | 9,279 (51.9) | 0.0003 |
| Female | 8,595 (48.1) | 8,599 (48.1) | 0.0004 |
| Comorbidity profile | |||
| Deyo–Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.7) | 1.0 (1.7) | 0.0001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | 72 (0.4) | 64 (0.4) | 0.0073 |
| Alcohol abuse | 591 (3.3) | 563 (3.1) | 0.0089 |
| Anaemia | 2,562 (14.3) | 2,560 (14.3) | 0.0003 |
| Bleeding | 277 (1.5) | 263 (1.5) | 0.0064 |
| Central venous catheter | 689 (3.9) | 635 (3.6) | 0.0160 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (stroke/TIA) | 1,216 (6.8) | 1,242 (6.9) | 0.0057 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 2,155 (12.1) | 2,163 (12.1) | 0.0014 |
| Coagulopathy | 222 (1.2) | 218 (1.2) | 0.0020 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1,934 (10.8) | 1,873 (10.5) | 0.0111 |
| Ischaemic heart/coronary artery disease | 3,464 (19.4) | 3,247 (18.2) | 0.0311 |
| Dementia | 508 (2.8) | 429 (2.4) | 0.0277 |
| Diabetes | 4,342 (24.3) | 4,213 (23.6) | 0.0169 |
| Dyspepsia or stomach discomfort | 2,903 (16.2) | 2,892 (16.2) | 0.0017 |
| Falls | 664 (3.7) | 644 (3.6) | 0.0060 |
| Fractures involving the lower extremities | 1,695 (9.5) | 1,812 (10.1) | 0.0220 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 187 (1.0) | 191 (1.1) | 0.0022 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 8,111 (45.4) | 7,875 (44.0) | 0.0266 |
| Hypertension | 9,799 (54.8) | 9,467 (53.0) | 0.0373 |
| Inflammatory bowel syndrome | 179 (1.0) | 190 (1.1) | 0.0061 |
| Liver disease | 998 (5.6) | 1,031 (5.8) | 0.0080 |
| Malignancy (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) | 216 (1.2) | 200 (1.1) | 0.0083 |
| Obesity | 3,551 (19.9) | 3,549 (19.9) | 0.0003 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 160 (0.9) | 154 (0.9) | 0.0036 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2,037 (11.4) | 2,052 (11.5) | 0.0026 |
| Pneumonia | 1,659 (9.3) | 1,602 (9.0) | 0.0111 |
| Renal disease | 2,388 (13.4) | 2,401 (13.4) | 0.0021 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 487 (2.7) | 488 (2.7) | 0.0003 |
| Sleep apnoea | 1,955 (10.9) | 1,881 (10.5) | 0.0134 |
| Spinal cord injury | 20 (0.1) | 12 (0.1) | 0.0150 |
| Thrombocytopaenia | 499 (2.8) | 495 (2.8) | 0.0014 |
| Thrombophilia | 710 (4.0) | 735 (4.1) | 0.0071 |
| Varicose veins | 741 (4.1) | 583 (3.3) | 0.0468 |
| Procedures, n (%) | |||
| Abdominal surgery | 2,119 (11.9) | 2,033 (11.4) | 0.0150 |
| Haemodialysis | 131 (0.7) | 150 (0.8) | 0.0120 |
| Hip replacement | 137 (0.8) | 146 (0.8) | 0.0057 |
| Knee replacement | 289 (1.6) | 322 (1.8) | 0.0142 |
| Pelvic or orthopaedic surgery | 6,732 (37.7) | 6,693 (37.4) | 0.0045 |
| Recent surgery (major) | 1,794 (10.0) | 1,765 (9.9) | 0.0054 |
| Outpatient pharmacotherapy, n (%) | |||
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 5,175 (28.9) | 5,032 (28.1) | 0.0177 |
| Anti-arrhythmics | 184 (1.0) | 118 (0.7) | 0.0403 |
| Anti-platelets | 872 (4.9) | 794 (4.4) | 0.0207 |
| Aromatase inhibitors | 80 (0.4) | 72 (0.4) | 0.0069 |
| Beta blockers | 4,308 (24.1) | 4,229 (23.7) | 0.0104 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 2,704 (15.1) | 2,568 (14.4) | 0.0215 |
| Contraceptives (oral) | 627 (3.5) | 642 (3.6) | 0.0045 |
| Erythropoiesis stimulating agents | 9 (0.1) | 5 (0.0) | 0.0113 |
| Estrogen hormone agents | 453 (2.5) | 388 (2.2) | 0.0240 |
| Gastroprotective agents | 3,441 (19.2) | 3,456 (19.3) | 0.0021 |
| Non-estrogen hormone agents | 6,347 (35.5) | 6,138 (34.3) | 0.0245 |
| NSAIDs | 3,113 (17.4) | 3,075 (17.2) | 0.0056 |
| SERMs | 1 (0.0) | 4 (0.0) | 0.0142 |
| Statins | 5,281 (29.5) | 5,083 (28.4) | 0.0244 |
Abbreviations: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PE, pulmonary embolism; SD, standard deviation; SERM, selective estrogen receptor modulator; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; VTE, venous thromboembolism.