Table 2.
Preclinical TAM-targeted therapies in HCC.
| Author | Product | Mechanism of action | Animal model | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al. [52] | Clodronate-liposomes | Depletion of TAMs | Hepa1-6 HCC cell line xenograft and orthotopic mouse model | Inhibition of tumor growth |
| Zhang et al. [65] | Sorafenib and zoledronic acid or clodronate-liposomes | Depletion of TAMs | HCCLM3-R and SMMC7721 HCC cell line xenograft mouse models | Inhibition of tumor growth, lung metastasis, and angiogenesis |
| Li et al. [55] | CCR2 antagonist | Inhibiting recruitment of monocytes M2 polarization of TAMs |
Hepa1-6 and LPC-H12 HCC cell line xenograft and Hepa1-6 orthotopic mouse model | Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, reduction of recurrence, enhanced survival, and activation of CD8+ T cells |
| Yao et al. [56] | CCR2 antagonist | Inhibiting recruitment of monocytes | Hepa1-6 or LPC-H12 HCC cell line xenograft and Hepa1-6 orthotopic mouse models | Inhibition of tumor growth, increase in CD8+ T cells, and potentiation effect of sorafenib |
| Teng et al. [57] | CCR2 monoclonal antibody | Inhibiting recruitment of monocytes | miR-122-knockout HCC mouse model | Inhibition of tumor growth and activation of natural killer cells |
| Zhou et al. [68] | Sorafenib and TACE | Inhibiting recruitment of monocytes | Walker-256 HCC cell line xenograft and orthotopic rat models | Inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis |
| Tan et al. [58] | Baicalin | Reprogramming polarization of TAMs | MHCC97L HCC cell line orthotopic mouse model | Inhibition of tumor growth |
| Ao et al. [59] | CSF-1 receptor antagonist | Reprogramming polarization of TAMs | Hepa1-6, HepG2, or HCCLM3 HCC cell line orthotopic mouse model | Delayed tumor growth and increase in CD8+ T cells |
| Sprinzl et al. [62] | Sorafenib | Reprogramming polarization of TAMs | Hepatitis B virus replicating HBV1.3.32 or albumin-promoter-controlled lymphotoxin-a/b transgenic mice | Activation of natural killer cells and cytotoxicity |
| Wan et al. [60] | IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody | Blocking downstream effect of TAM products | HepG2 or human HCC cell line xenograft mouse model | Reduction of tumor growth |