Table 1.
Influenza | Rhinovirus | Norovirus | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pathogen-specific parameters | ||||||
1/γ: Infectious | 6 | [38–40] | 10.4 | [41] | 15 | [42] |
period (days) | ||||||
α: Shedding rate (pathogen hours −1 people −1) | 1×104 | [43–45] | 1×103 | [46, 47] | 2.88×103 | [48, 49] |
μF: Inactivation rate | 0.121 | [50–52] | 1.44 | [53, 54] | 0.288 | [8] |
in fomites (hours −1) | (0.058, 0.121) | (0.990, 1.44) | (0.0006, 0.288) | |||
μH: Inactivation rate | 88.2 | [13, 50, 52] | 0.767 | [55] | 1.07 | [9, 56, 57] |
in hands (hours −1) | (55.2, 88.2) | (0, 1.07) | ||||
τFH: Transfer | 0.1 | [13, 16, 50, 58] | 0.2 | [55, 59–61] | 0.07 | [62] |
efficacy (F to H) (proportion) | (0.04, 0.16) | (0.1, 0.40) | (0.051, 0.089) | |||
τHF: Transfer | 0.025 | [13, 16, 50, 58] | 0.2 | [55, 59–61] | 0.13 | [62] |
efficacy (H to F) (proportion) | (0.01, 0.04) | (0.1, 0.40) | (0.094, 0.166) | |||
ϕH: Pathogen | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.90 | |||
excreted to H (proportion) | (0.10, 0.2) | (0.10, 0.2) | (0.50, 1) | |||
ϕF: Pathogen | 1−ϕH | 1−ϕH | 1−ϕH | |||
excreted to F (proportion) | ||||||
π:Infectivity parameter in contact | ||||||
with x pathogens (unitless) a | 6.93e-05 | 2.46e-3 | 4.78e-4 | |||
aH: rate pathogens are added to hands | α ϕ H | α ϕ H | α ϕ H | |||
(pathogen time −1 people −1) | ||||||
Venue-specific parameters | ||||||
λ: Accessible surfaces (proportion) | (0, 0.6) | (0, 0.6) | (0, 0.6) | |||
κ: fingertip to surface ratio per individual | ||||||
(1/people) b | ||||||
ρT: Rate of fomite touching (days −1) | (0, 60) | (0, 60) | (0, 60) | |||
ρFH: rate of pathogen pick up from fomites to hand | ρ T τ FH κ | ρ T τ FH κ | ρ T τ FH κ | |||
1/(days × people) | ||||||
ρFH: rate of pathogen deposit from hand to fomite | ρ T τ HF | ρ T τ HF | ρ T τ HF | |||
1/(days × people) | ||||||
aF: rate pathogens are added to fomites | α ϕ F λ | α ϕ F λ | α ϕ F λ | |||
(pathogen days −1 people −1) | ||||||
Cleaning parameters | ||||||
ΘF: Rate of fomite cleaning (days −1) | (0, 2) | (0, 2) | (0, 2) | |||
ΘH: Rate of hand cleaning (days −1) | (0, 3) | (0, 3) | (0, 3) | |||
qF: Fomite cleaning efficacy (proportion) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
qH: Hand cleaning efficacy (proportion) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
θF: Effective fomite cleaning rate | q F Θ F | q F Θ F | q F Θ F | |||
θH: Effective hand cleaning rate | q H Θ H | q H Θ H | q H Θ H | |||
Fixed parameters (across pathogens | ||||||
and venues) | ||||||
ρ: Inoculation (hours −1) | 15.8 | [23, 24] | 15.8 | [23, 24] | 15.8 | [23, 24] |
χ: proportion of pathogens absorbed when | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
self-inoculation occurs (proportion) | ||||||
a Parameter fixed based on linearization of the dose-response curve | ||||||
b Parameter fixed based on relative finger to body size. |
Point values appear on the left and references to the right. A range is also included for parameters that were used to perform a sensitivity analysis. Derived parameters are shown as a function of the parameters used to derive them. Bold headings are used to separate the table into subsections for legibility