Table 1.
Distribution of sample characteristics and a comparison of mean household chaos by those characteristics
| n (%) | Household chaos | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | P-value | ||
| Overall | 385 (100%) | 30.1 (8.1) | – |
| Child characteristics | |||
| Age, years, n (%) | |||
| 2 | 114 (29.6%) | 28.9 (7.9) | 0.18 |
| 3 | 103 (26.8%) | 31.3 (8.5) | |
| 4 | 97 (25.2%) | 30.5 (8.5) | |
| 5 | 71 (18.4%) | 30.0 (7.0) | |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Female | 188 (48.8%) | 29.6 (8.1) | 0.19 |
| Male | 197 (51.2%) | 30.7 (8.0) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 33 (8.6%) | 28.9 (6.8) | 0.42 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 334 (86.8%) | 28.4 (8.8) | |
| Did not want to answer | 18 (4.7%) | 30.3 (8.2) | |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 300 (77.9%) | 30.1 (7.9) | 0.98 |
| Black or African American | 30 (7.8%) | 30.1 (8.3) | |
| Asian | 12 (3.1%) | 31.1 (6.2) | |
| Othera | 43 (11.2%) | 29.9 (9.6) | |
| Parent characteristics | |||
| Age, years, n (%) | |||
| 18–29 | 139 (36.1%) | 29.1 (8.2) | 0.08 |
| 30–39 | 229 (59.5%) | 30.9 (7.9) | |
| 40–49 | 17 (4.4%) | 28.7 (8.9) | |
| Education level, n (%) | |||
| High school or less | 138 (35.8%) | 31.4 (8.8) | 0.09 |
| Associate’s degree | 53 (13.8%) | 30.1 (8.5) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 117 (30.4%) | 29.7 (7.2) | |
| Graduate or professional school | 77 (20.0%) | 28.6 (7.6) | |
| Relationship to child | |||
| Mother | 365 (94.8%) | 30.2 (8.1) | 0.74 |
| Father | 16 (4.2%) | 29.3 (9.3) | |
| Other | 4 (1.0%) | 27.5 (6.1) | |
| Household characteristics | |||
| Annual household income, n (%) | |||
| Less than $25,000 | 51 (13.2%) | 31.2 (9.4) | 0.04 |
| $25,000–$64,999 | 158 (41.0%) | 31.2 (8.7) | |
| $65,000–$144,999 | 134 (34.8%) | 29.1 (7.0) | |
| $145,000 or more | 17 (4.4%) | 26.1 (5.5) | |
| Did not want to answer | 25 (6.5%) | 29.4 (7.4) | |
| Home ownership status, n (%) | |||
| Own | 214 (55.6%) | 29.1 (7.3) | < 0.001 |
| Rent | 146 (37.9%) | 30.8 (8.5) | |
| Other | 25 (6.5%) | 35.5 (10.0) | |
| Adults (≥18 years) in the home, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 22 (5.7%) | 27.7 (7.7) | 0.12 |
| 2 | 263 (68.3%) | 29.9 (8.2) | |
| 3 or more | 100 (26.0%) | 31.3 (7.9) | |
| Children under the age of 12 years in the home, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 81 (21.0%) | 27.6 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | 169 (43.9%) | 29.8 (7.2) | |
| 3 or more | 130 (33.8%) | 32.4 (8.5) | |
| Adolescents aged 12–17 years in the home, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 329 (85.5%) | 30.0 (7.9) | 0.43 |
| 1 | 38 (9.9%) | 31.3 (9.8) | |
| 2 or more | 10 (2.6%) | 27.7 (8.4) | |
Among 385 parents with preschool-aged children recruited via social media. P-values from ANOVA assessments except for gender where a two-sample t-test was used
aOther race includes American Indian, Alaskan Native, Pacific Islander, and other