Table 1.

CIS principles as modified and applied to the current study

Purpose	• To investigate whether theory used to change behaviour differentiates conceptually between increasing and decreasing frequency of behaviour.
Process	• More closely followed traditional systematic review, but sampling, critique, and analysis were conducted concurrently.
Search strategy	• Stage 1 formal bibliographic search was foundation of the search strategy. • Research team identified key articles not identified in search. • Stage 2, theory papers were identified through those articles retrieved in Stage 1.
Sampling	• Inclusion/exclusion criteria for stage 1 were more structured and defined prior to search. • Purposive sampling of articles and other resources for stage 2 identified theory papers by the articles in the formal search, to better understand the theories and constructs.
Quality appraisal	• Not a component of this study because this was not an investigation of the effectiveness of theory use, but whether theories distinguish between increasing and decreasing behaviour.
Data analysis	• Analysis involved interrogation of the theoretical concepts that the articles reportedly used to change behaviour and the articles that reported theory development.
Findings and results	• Synthesising argument that linked theories applied to increasing and/or decreasing frequency of behaviour. • Relationship between theoretical constructs and direction of behaviour change was scrutinised. • No new constructs were generated, but new distinctions were made (between increasing and decreasing behaviour frequency).
Discussion	• Offered a theoretically sound and useful account of whether behavioural theories distinguish between increasing and decreasing frequency of behaviour. • The review was grounded in the evidence but acknowledges the ‘authorial voice’. • Some aspects of its production may not be auditable or reproducible.