Table 2.
Univariate Distribution of Weighted Survey Items and Summary Scales
| Item or scale | Mean | SE | Observed range | N | Possible valuesa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HATH-8 items | |||||
| Homosexuality is normal | 1.72 | 0.06 | 1–5 | 455 | 1–5 |
| Homosexuals working with children | 1.45 | 0.05 | 1–5 | 459 | 1–5 |
| Homosexual bars should be closed | 1.25 | 0.03 | 1–3 | 458 | 1–5 |
| Homosexuals and social equality | 1.32 | 0.03 | 1–5 | 458 | 1–5 |
| Homosexuals and equal opportunity employment | 1.20 | 0.02 | 1–3 | 459 | 1–5 |
| No reason to restrict where homosexuals work | 1.29 | 0.03 | 1–5 | 460 | 1–5 |
| Bar homosexuals from teaching profession | 1.24 | 0.03 | 1–5 | 457 | 1–5 |
| Homosexuals should be allowed to marry | 1.61 | 0.06 | 1–5 | 459 | 1–5 |
| Admission to medical school | |||||
| Highly qualified homosexual applicant | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0–1 | 455 | 0–1 |
| Highly qualified transgender applicant | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 456 | 0–1 |
| Highly qualified HIV-positive applicant | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 457 | 0–1 |
| Referral to a homosexual colleague who is a | |||||
| Pediatrician | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 458 | 0–1 |
| General Surgeon | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0–1 | 455 | 0–1 |
| Psychiatrist | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 456 | 0–1 |
| Radiation Oncologist | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0–1 | 452 | 0–1 |
| Referral to a transgender colleague who is a | |||||
| Pediatrician | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 455 | 0–1 |
| General Surgeon | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 453 | 0–1 |
| Psychiatrist | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 452 | 0–1 |
| Radiation Oncologist | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 451 | 0–1 |
| Referral to an HIV-positive colleague who is a | |||||
| Pediatrician | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 455 | 0–1 |
| General Surgeon | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0–1 | 450 | 0–1 |
| Psychiatrist | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 456 | 0–1 |
| Radiation Oncologist | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0–1 | 454 | 0–1 |
| Affective orientation (“feelings about”) | |||||
| Homosexual patients | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0–1 | 458 | 0–1 |
| Transgender patients | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0–1 | 454 | 0–1 |
| HIV-positive patients | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0–1 | 458 | 0–1 |
| Summary scalesb,c | |||||
| HATH-8 | 1.38 | 0.03 | 1–3.5 | 460 | 1–5 |
| HATH-8 POMP | 9.66 | 0.77 | 0–62.5 | 446 | 0–100 |
| MHS | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0–6 | 448 | 0–6 |
| MHS POMP | 2.35 | 0.63 | 0–100 | 448 | 0–100 |
| MTS | 0.37 | 0.05 | 0–6 | 444 | 0–6 |
| MTS POMP | 6.23 | 0.88 | 0–100 | 444 | 0–100 |
| HIVS | 0.61 | 0.06 | 0–6 | 447 | 0–6 |
| HIVS POMP | 10.16 | 1.01 | 0–100 | 447 | 0–100 |
a
Highest values indicate most unfavorable attitude. Lowest values indicate most favorable attitude.
b
Intrinsic consistency reliability of scales (Cronbach's alpha): HATH-8 (0.86), MHS (0.57), MTS (0.69), and HIVS (0.75).
c
Spearman's rank correlation between HATH-8 POMP and the three other composite measures was 0.28 (MHS), 0.33 (MTS), and 0.32 (HIVS). Correlation of HIVS with MTS was 0.34 and with MHS was 0.32. Spearman's rho between MTS and MHS was 0.53.
HATH, Heterosexual Attitudes Toward Homosexuality; HIVS, HIV Stigma; MHS, Medical Homosexual Stigma; MTS, Medical Transgender Stigma; POMP, percent of maximum possible; SE, standard error of mean.