Table 3.
Bivariate Associations of Attitude Scales with Selected Covariates
| Covariate | Scale | Covariate level | Mean | SE | 95% CI | Test statistic | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | F[2, 417] | ||||||
| HATH-8 POMP | Male | 11.3 | 1.6 | 8.1–14.6 | 7.19 | 0.0009 | |
| Female | 4.6 | 0.9 | 2.8–6.4 | ||||
| Undisclosed | 18.3 | 9.1 | 0.4–36.2 | ||||
| MHS POMP | Male | 3.5 | 1.2 | 1.1–5.8 | 3.36 | 0.0357 | |
| Female | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7 | ||||
| Undisclosed | 1.3 | 3.4 | −5.4 to 8.0 | ||||
| MTS POMP | Male | 7.7 | 1.6 | 4.6–10.9 | 1.39 | 0.2499 | |
| Female | 4.0 | 1.3 | 1.5–6.5 | ||||
| Undisclosed | 3.6 | 8.8 | −13.7 to 20.8 | ||||
| HIVS POMP | Male | 12.0 | 1.6 | 8.9–15.2 | 3.37 | 0.0354 | |
| Female | 6.8 | 1.2 | 4.4–9.1 | ||||
| Undisclosed | 7.4 | 17.3 | −26.6 to 41.3 | ||||
| Year of medical school graduation | F[4, 415] | ||||||
| HATH-8 POMP | 1942–1982 | 11.5 | 1.8 | 8.1–15.0 | 4.53 | 0.0014 | |
| 1983–1994 | 10.1 | 1.5 | 7.2–13.1 | ||||
| 1995–2005 | 6.8 | 1.5 | 3.8–9.8 | ||||
| 2006–2021 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 1.5–7.0 | ||||
| Undisclosed | 23.3 | 7.9 | 7.7–38.8 | ||||
| MHS POMP | 1942–1982 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 1.1–3.7 | 1.97 | 0.0978 | |
| 1983–1994 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.3–3.0 | ||||
| 1995–2005 | 2.7 | 2.0 | −1.1 to 6.6 | ||||
| 2006–2021 | 0.6 | 0.4 | −0.2 to 1.3 | ||||
| Undisclosed | 7.7 | 7.3 | −6.6 to 22.0 | ||||
| MTS POMP | 1942–1982 | 7.7 | 2.0 | 3.7–11.7 | 0.71 | 0.5828 | |
| 1983–1994 | 6.1 | 1.3 | 3.6–8.6 | ||||
| 1995–2005 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 0.3–8.3 | ||||
| 2006–2021 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 1.6–7.9 | ||||
| Undisclosed | 13.9 | 8.9 | −3.5 to 31.3 | ||||
| HIVS POMP | 1942–1982 | 20.1 | 2.7 | 14.9–25.4 | 11.78 | 0.0000 | |
| 1983–1994 | 9.0 | 1.5 | 6.0–11.9 | ||||
| 1995–2005 | 8.8 | 2.5 | 3.8–13.7 | ||||
| 2006–2021 | 6.1 | 2.4 | 1.4–10.8 | ||||
| Undisclosed | 1.0 | 1.4 | −1.7 to 3.8 | ||||
| Practice setting | F[3, 416] | ||||||
| HATH-8 POMP | Academic medicine | 6.2 | 2.4 | 1.5–10.9 | 1.07 | 0.3626 | |
| Integrated medical group | 10.3 | 2.9 | 4.6–16.0 | ||||
| Other | 8.5 | 1.6 | 5.5–11.6 | ||||
| Private practice | 11.7 | 1.9 | 8.0–15.3 | ||||
| MHS POMP | Academic medicine | 2.4 | 2.3 | −2.1 to 6.8 | 0.22 | 0.8808 | |
| Integrated medical group | 2.6 | 1.4 | −0.2 to 5.4 | ||||
| Other | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.6–2.8 | ||||
| Private practice | 2.7 | 1.4 | −0.1 to 5.5 | ||||
| MTS POMP | Academic medicine | 5.9 | 3.3 | −0.5 to 12.4 | 0.3 | 0.8229 | |
| Integrated medical group | 6.2 | 2.0 | 2.3–10.1 | ||||
| Other | 7.9 | 2.0 | 3.9–11.9 | ||||
| Private practice | 5.4 | 1.6 | 2.3–8.5 | ||||
| HIVS POMP | Academic medicine | 6.5 | 1.8 | 3.0–10.0 | 2.39 | 0.0681 | |
| Integrated medical group | 6.6 | 2.5 | 1.7–11.5 | ||||
| Other | 12.7 | 2.2 | 8.3–17.2 | ||||
| Private practice | 11.2 | 2.2 | 6.8–15.5 | ||||
| SDCMS membership | F[1, 418] | ||||||
| HATH-8 POMP | No | 7.1 | 1.7 | 3.7–10.5 | 1.6 | 0.2066 | |
| Yes | 10.0 | 1.2 | 7.7–12.4 | ||||
| MHS POMP | No | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.1–1.9 | 2.3 | 0.1304 | |
| Yes | 2.8 | 1.1 | 0.7–4.8 | ||||
| MTS POMP | No | 6.2 | 1.9 | 2.4–10.0 | 0.01 | 0.9432 | |
| Yes | 6.4 | 1.4 | 3.7–9.1 | ||||
| HIVS POMP | No | 6.6 | 1.9 | 2.9–10.4 | 3.81 | 0.0516 | |
| Yes | 11.2 | 1.4 | 8.5–13.9 | ||||
| Specialty | F[3, 416] | ||||||
| HATH-8 POMP | Primary carea | 8.8 | 1.7 | 5.5–12.0 | 0.45 | 0.7159 | |
| Surgicalb | 10.7 | 2.0 | 6.7–14.6 | ||||
| Psychiatry | 6.1 | 3.4 | −0.6 to 12.9 | ||||
| Other | 9.4 | 3.0 | 3.5–15.2 | ||||
| MHS POMP | Primary care | 2.8 | 1.3 | 0.3–5.3 | 0.51 | 0.6774 | |
| Surgical | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.4–2.3 | ||||
| Psychiatry | 1.2 | 1.2 | −1.3 to 3.6 | ||||
| Other | 3.0 | 2.4 | −1.7 to 7.7 | ||||
| MTS POMP | Primary care | 6.9 | 1.6 | 3.9–10.0 | 0.63 | 0.5952 | |
| Surgical | 4.6 | 1.2 | 2.3–6.9 | ||||
| Psychiatry | 6.0 | 2.5 | 1.2–10.8 | ||||
| Other | 7.6 | 3.6 | 0.5–14.7 | ||||
| HIVS POMP | Primary care | 8.3 | 1.6 | 5.2–11.4 | 2.09 | 0.1007 | |
| Surgical | 15.0 | 2.8 | 9.5–20.5 | ||||
| Psychiatry | 8.2 | 2.9 | 2.4–14.0 | ||||
| Other | 7.4 | 2.0 | 3.5–11.3 | ||||
| Sexual orientation | F[1, 418] | ||||||
| HATH-8 POMP | Heterosexual | 10.1 | 1.0 | 8.2–12.0 | 5.95 | 0.0151 | |
| Homosexual/bisexual/decline | 2.3 | 3.0 | −3.6 to 8.2 | ||||
| MHS POMP | Heterosexual | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0.8–4.3 | 8.38 | 0.0040 | |
| Homosexual/bisexual/decline | 0.0 | ||||||
| MTS POMP | Heterosexual | 6.8 | 1.2 | 4.6–9.1 | 6.89 | 0.0090 | |
| Homosexual/bisexual/decline | 1.5 | 2.1 | −2.7 to 5.8 | ||||
| HIVS POMP | Heterosexual | 10.7 | 1.2 | 8.4–13.0 | 3.22 | 0.0735 | |
| Homosexual/bisexual/decline | 4.4 | 3.4 | −2.2 to 11.1 |
a
Primary care includes Family Medicine, General Practice, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics.
b
Surgical includes General Surgery, Surgical subspecialties, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Anesthesiology.
CI, confidence interval.