Figure 8.

Increased IL-6 expression and secretion by GRP78-deficient macrophages. A) Serum IL-6 levels were measured by using multiplexed Luminex in chow- and HFD-fed WT and Lyz-GRP78^−/− mice. B) IL-6 expression and secretion by BMDMs that were isolated from HFD-fed Lyz-GRP78^−/− and WT mice after a 36-h incubation with IL-4 (10 ng/ml; n = 3/group). Relative expression of IL-6 mRNA was measured by quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and the secretion of IL-6 was analyzed by multiplexed Luminex analysis. C) IL-6 trans-signaling molecules were measured by quantitative RT-PCR analysis using total RNA that was isolated from skeletal muscle samples obtained from WT and Lyz-GRP78^−/− mice that were fed HFD for 9 wk (n = 5–8/group). *P < 0.05 vs. HFD-fed WT mice.