Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of 6,809 MESA participants dichotomized by incident HF over the median 13-year follow-up period.
| All | HF cases | Non-cases | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 6809 | 308 | 6501 | |
| Age, years (SD) | 62.1 (10.2) | 68.6 (8.8) | 61.8 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (% female) | 3599 (52.9) | 126 (40.9) | 3473 (53.4) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | NS | |||
| Caucasian | 2619 (38.5) | 123 (39.9) | 2496 (38.4) | |
| Chinese | 803 (11.8) | 23 (7.5) | 780 (12.0) | |
| Black | 1892 (27.8) | 96 (31.1) | 1796 (27.6) | |
| Hispanic | 1495 (22.0) | 66 (21.4) | 1429 (22.0) | |
| Education, n (%) | NS | |||
| <High school | 1225 (18.0) | 72 (23.5) | 1153 (17.8) | |
| High school completed/GED | 1236 (18.2) | 58 (18.9) | 1178 (18.2) | |
| Some college | 1933 (28.5) | 82 (26.7) | 1851 (28.6) | |
| Four year degree | 1171 (17.2) | 50 (16.3) | 1121 (17.3) | |
| Professional degree | 1221 (18.0) | 45 (14.7) | 1176 (18.2) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.03 | |||
| Never | 3416 (50.3) | 132 (43.0) | 3284 (50.7) | |
| Former | 2484 (36.6) | 130 (42.4) | 2354 (36.3) | |
| Current | 887 (13.1) | 45 (14.7) | 842 (13.0) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.3 (5.5) | 29.8 (5.8) | 28.3 (5.5) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 126.6 (21.5) | 138.5 (23.3) | 126.0 (21.2) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 71.9 (10.3) | 73.9 (11.7) | 71.8 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension medication, n (%) | 2533 (37.2) | 181 (58.8) | 2352 (36.2) | <0.001 |
| Lipid lowering medication, n (%) | 1096 (16.1) | 58 (18.8) | 1038 (16.0) | NS |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 856 (12.6) | 89 (28.9) | 727 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.02 (0.92) | 4.90 (0.91) | 5.03 (0.92) | 0.02 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) , mean (SD) | 1.32 (0.38) | 1.26 (0.36) | 1.32 (0.39) | 0.005 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.48 (1.00) | 1.59 (1.25) | 1.48 (1.00) | NS |
| Incident myocardial infarction, n (%) | 283 (4.2) | 106 (34.4) | 177 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent AVC, n (%) | 913 (13.4) | 94 (30.6) | 819 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| Lp(a) (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 17.3 (33.1) | 17.3 (32.7) | 17.3 (37.45) | NS |
Definitions: HF=heart failure; SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; BMI=body mass index; diabetes=treated and untreated cases; HDL-C=high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; AVC=aortic valve calcification