Table 3.

Lp(a)-related risk of heart failure in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants (N=6,638; 298 HF cases). Cox proportional hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals are shown (p-values where significant). Lp(a) was modeled as a continuous variable (per log unit) and by clinical cutoff values, 30 and 50 mg/dL. Covariate adjustments were made for age, sex, field center, education, BMI, smoking (pack years), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use, baseline glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C, total cholesterol, log triglycerides, lipid lowering medication use, diabetes, and prevalent AVC. Interactions with race/ethnicity were tested both across race and between individual races/ethnicities.

	Black	Caucasian	Chinese American	Hispanic	Overall race interaction p-value
N	1795	2532	786	1453
Cases (%)	91 (5.1)	118 (4.7)	22 (2.8)	64 (4.4)
per log unit Lp(a)	1.00 (0.80 – 1.26)	1.20 (1.03 – 1.40) 0.02	0.90 (0.57 – 1.44)	0.94 (0.77 – 1.13)	0.33
Lp(a)≥ 30 mg/dL	0.74 (0.48 – 1.14)*	1.69 (1.13 – 2.54) 0.01	0.84 (0.22 – 3.12)	0.59 (0.30 – 1.18)*	0.03
Lp(a)≥ 50 mg/dL	0.91 (0.57 – 1.44)*	1.87 (1.19 – 2.93) 0.006	1.40 (0.29 – 6.81)	0.56 (0.24 – 1.31)*	0.08

Definitions: BMI=body mass index; diabetes=treated and untreated cases; HDL-C=high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; AVC=aortic valve calcification

^*Indicates that the association was significantly different than that in Caucasian participants (p for interactions <0.05)