Table 4.

Lp(a)-related risk of heart failure in Caucasian participants, excluding individuals who experienced a myocardial infarction or ischemia-related events using a multi-model approach. Lp(a) was modeled as a continuous variable (per log unit) and by clinical cutoff values, 30 and 50 mg/dL. Models were adjusted for age, sex, field center, education, BMI, smoking (pack years), hypertension medication use, lipid lowering medication use, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, baseline glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C, total cholesterol, log triglycerides, diabetes, and prevalent AVC.

Lp(a) variable	HR (95% CI)	p-value
per log unit Lp(a)
Model 1	1.37 (1.12 – 1.66)	0.002
Model 2	1.29 (1.04 – 1.60)	0.02
Lp(a)≥ 30 mg/dL
Model 1	1.97 (1.22 – 3.19)	0.006
Model 2	1.53 (0.87 – 2.70)	0.14
Lp(a)≥ 50 mg/dL
Model 1	2.43 (1.43 – 4.15)	0.001
Model 2	2.04 (1.08 – 3.84)	0.03

Model 1: Excluded individuals with incident myocardial infarction (N=2,414, 82 HF cases)

Model 2: model 1 + excluded individuals who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (N=2,305, 66 HF cases)

Definitions: BMI=body mass index; diabetes=treated and untreated cases; HDL-C=high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; AVC=aortic valve calcification